06 - Lecture 24 Flashcards
(20 cards)
When you see the word troponins what should you think?
Cardiac
Isozymes
Have multiple forms of the same enzyme
What is creatine kinase?
Injury marker for the heart and skeletal muscle
- Energy rich molecule
- reversible reaction
At high ATP levels what happens?
Creatine phosphate CrP is formed
At high CrP levels what happens?
ATP is formed using the energy rich CrP
3 isozymes of creatine kinase and function of CK?
CK is a injury marker
- CK-BB (CK-1) brain brain
- CK-MB (CK-2) Heart 30% and rest is CK-MM
- CK-MM (CK-3) skeletal muscle
What elevates CK-MB?
Myocardial infarcation
How long does does it take for the CK-MB to peak?
24 hours
- Want to know if patient has MI
What is used as MI marker?
LDH.
- You use LDH as a marker because it take 48 hours to peak instead of the CK-MB which takes 24
What is the signal is high during a MI?
High LDH-1/LDH-2 ratio instead of normal low 1 and 2
What indicates a large area of damaged heart muscle?
A high CK-MB/Total CK ratio.
Troponins
Proteins involved with muscle contraction. Have a long time frame.
- Cardiac troponin I (Inhibit Actomyosin ATPase)
- Cardia troponin T (Tropomyosin binding)
What do we need to diagnose a MI?
We need the IT department not the C
What is commonly tested for liver injury?
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
What can viral hepatitis lead to?
Leads to higher levels of ALT(cytosol) than AST (cytosol/mitochondria)
What can block the extra hepatic bile ducts?
- Gallstones
- Tumors
Injury markers for bile duct obstruction?
ALP (Alkaline phosphatase)
GGT (glutamyl transferase)
How do you know there is Liver damage present?
More AST than ALT
ALSO…
GGT can be elevated due to ethanol intake
What can be a cause of acute and chronic pancreatitis?
Acute - Heavy alcohol intake or Gallstone blockage
Chronic - Cystic fibrosis, hyperlipidemia, years of ethanol abuse
Marker for pancreatitis?
lipase or amylase
