Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Jason's Cardiovascular Block > Drugs, Nerves, & Neurotransmitters. > Flashcards

Drugs, Nerves, & Neurotransmitters. Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Explain Loewi’s Experiment

A

Stim of the vagus nerve reduced donor AND recipient heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the most common site for pharmacological manipulation at synapses?

A

Receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which PNS systems have 2 fibres? Which has one?

A

Sympathetic(short pre-ganglionic) and Parasympathetic(long pre-ganglionic) have 2 fibres, each with a ganglion.
Somatic has single fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which two NTs are important in the PNS?

A
  1. Acetylcholine

2. Noradrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

L-DOPA which in the noradrenaline synthesis pathway is also clinically used for what?

A

parkinson’s treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do you get co-transmission of NTs?

A

in autonomic nerves to get variable responses in time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is ACh normally degrade

A

by AChE in the synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What sympathetic activity can noradrenaline NOT mimic?

A

ACh at sweat glands

ACh at adrenals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to what two receptors and what kind of receptors are they?

A 
Nicotinic Receptors (ligand-gated ion-channel)
Muscarinic Receptors (GPCR)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Noradrenaline (NA) binds to what two receptors and what kind of receptors are they?

A

a-adrenoceptors (GPCR)

B-adrenoceptors (GPCR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does Atropine do?

A

Blocks the effects of ACh in Cat Blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens if you inject Atropine plus a crapload of ACh?

A

increases blood pressure despite atropine due to adrenal gland activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Receptors are all the same? T/F?

A

False. Polymorphism is rampant! Personalized medicine here we come.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ACh is released from all PNS nerves except:

A

Sympathetic post ganglionic terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are MuscR in the PNS?

A

Parasympathetic postganglionic terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What receptors to the organs innervated by sympathetic PNS have?

A

a/B adrenoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how is Noradrenaline inactivated?

A

recycled via neuronal high affinity uptake 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Botulinum Toxin inhibits what?

A

Ach Release itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the condition for increase blink response?

A

Blepharospasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do you treat Blepharospasm?

A

Botox to the eye lids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Botulinum Toxin?

A

Protease that prevents fusion of SNARE proteins needed to release ACh.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do you use to keep ACh in the synapse longer? how does it work?

A

Anticholinesterase, blocks the receptors for AChE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which junction do Anti-ChE work?

A

Selectively between Neuromuscular junction and post-ganglionic parasympathetic junctions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Donepezil?

A

Anticholinesterase used to treat Alzheimer’s as it enters the CNS well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Tell me about Edrophonium.
short acting drug used to Dx myasthenia gravis
26
Pyridostigmine/Neostigmine is used for what?
1. Reverse non-depolarising neuromuscular blockers | 2. Treat Myasthenia Gravis
27
What's the Anticholinesterase used to treat Alzheimer's
Donepezil
28
I forgot, what is the short acting drug used to Dx myasthenia gravis again?
Edrophonium
29
How do you treat Myasthenia Gravis with a Anticholinesterase?
Pyridostigmine/Neostigmine
30
What disease triggers an autoimmune response with complement at the Neuromuscular junction?
Myasthenia Gravis
31
Why would antibodies against AChR in Myasthenia gravis be a problem?
AChR gets cross linked, internalized and degraded destroying the morphology of the neuromuscular junction.
32
What's a temporary treatment for Myasthenia Gravis?
ACh-Esterase Inhibitor
33
What's a higher level treatment for Myasthenia Gravis?
Plasmaphoresis
34
Tell me about the Tensilon Test, which drug is used?
Edrophonium is used to dx myasthenia gravis, like they did with that ADORABLE golden retriever!! Dawww.....
35
Which neuro-receptor is a Ligand Gated Ion Channel?
Nicotinic AChR
36
Which neuro-receptor is a GPCR?
Muscarinic AChR
37
What is a partial agonist used to smoking cessation?
Varenicline
38
What can you clinically treat using nicotinic receptor agonists in the CNS?
Smoking cessation
39
Stimulating both branches of the ANS (Ganglion) is called what?
Nn Type
40
What is the Nm type?
contraction of skeletal muscle via somatic
41
Clinical uses of Nicotinic receptor Antagonists?
Pre-surgical skeletal muscle relaxants
42
What is a non depolarizing Nicotinic receptor antagonist used as a Pre-surgical skeletal muscle relaxants?
Tubocurarine/Vecuronium
43
What on earth is Haxamethonium?
Gaglion blocker Nicotinic receptor antagonist
44
I just had Tubocurarine/Vecuronium and now the surgery is done, how do reverse this?
Use neostigmine of course.
45
What is the acronym for Autonomic/Muscarinic agonist effects?
``` You are such a SLUD!! Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation ```
46
What else besides being a SLUD, do Autonomic/Muscarinic agonist effects have?
Sweating bradycardia bronchoconstriction vasodilation
47
Your patient has Glaucoma! Help!! Your attending asked you to get the correct Autonomic/Muscarinic agonist. You go to the cart and choose:
Pilocarpine.
48
What is Pilocarpine?
Autonomic/Muscarinic agonist used to treat glaucoma
49
What are Autonomic/Muscarinic antagonist effects?
Reduced SLUD | Sometimes reduced tachycardia
50
Three anti-muscarinic drugs?
Atropine Hyoscine Ipratropium
51
I'm taking Ipratropium rectally for my COPD, cool huh?
You're an idiot, you need to inhale that shit.
52
I'm so sick from that roller coaster give me something Doctor....
Suck on some Hyoscine!
53
What's an anti-muscarinic to treat COPD?
Ipratropium
54
Optometrist puts some drops in your eye to dilate your pupils, what are those drops anyways?
Atropine
55
How would you use Atropine in anaesthesia?
to reduce secretions and produce bronchodilation
56
What class of drug is Atropine?
anti-muscarinic
57
You just got exposed to VX gas, a deadly nerve agent / acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. What do you need to inject into your heart RIGHT NOW?
Atropine.
58
What is Hyoscine?
Anti-muscarinic used to treat motion sickness.
59
What is the mechanism of Cocaine? Which receptor?
Noradrenaline receptor, blocks reuptake and keeps the cocaine in the synapses
60
What do the tricyclic anti-depressants do? what is it like?
blocks reuptake of Noradrenaline receptor. just like cocaine
61
what is Mao?what does it do?
Maonoamine oxidase metabolizes reuptaked NA
62
How do blockade NA metabolism
use a MAO inhibitor to prevent metabolism of NA and to increase leakage
63
What is a sympathomimetic?
calcium independent non-exocytotic release of NA. it 'mimics'
64
3 examples of indirectly acting Sympathomimetics?
1. amphetamine 2. ephedrine (pseudoephedrine) 3. Tyramine
65
What is tyramine?
indirectly acting Sympathomimetics
66
What is ephedrine?
indirectly acting Sympathomimetics
67
what is amphetamine?
indirectly acting Sympathomimetics
68
What a bad side effect of indirectly acting Sympathomimetics?
unwanted cardiovascular effects if patient taking MAO-inhibitors for depression.
69
what kind of receptors are alpha dn beta adrenoreceptors?
G-protein Coupled Receptors
70
Isoprenaline targets beta 1 or 2?
both!
71
salbutamol and more potent than isoprenaline for heart rate? T/F?
False.
72
Why choose salbutomol for airway relaxation when isoprenaline is clearly more potent
Salbutomol is a selective B2 and causes minimal heart rate change
73
Examplf os a Beta 2 agonist?
salbutamol
74
What is salbutamol used for?
Asthma Rx
75
what is the antagonist to isoprenaline?
propranolol
76
Name me the Beta 1 adrenoceptor agonist and antagonist
Agonist: Dobutamine Antagonist: atenolol
77
Treat hypertension with a beta 1 adrenoceptor antagonist please
here' some atenolol
78
what's dobutamine used for?
heart failure (B1-adrenoceptor agonist)
79
What is atenolol used for?
hypertension
80
alpha adrenoceptor antagonist:
phentolamine
81
What do alpha-1 adrenoceptors cause?
vasoconstriction
82
I have nasal decongestand, what alpha-1 adrenoceptors agonist should I use?
phenylephrine
83
What is phenyl ephrine
alpha-1 adrenoceptors agonist for nasal congestion cause of nasal constriction effect
84
what is prazosin? what is it used for?
alpha-1 adrenoceptors antagonist for hypertension
85
treat my hypertension with a alpha-1 adrenoceptors antagonist please:
ok. one order of Prazosin, comin' up!

Jason's Cardiovascular Block (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions