DSA

Question 1

What contains neurons that make GnRH?

Answer 1

medial preoptic nucleus

Question 2

What does paraventricular nucleus house? supraoptic?

Answer 2

a. ADH
b. Oxytocin

–send them to posterior pituitary

Question 3

Associate the following with:

a. Ventromedial nucleus
b. Dorsomedial nucleus
c. Arcuate nucleus

Answer 3

a. satiety center
b. emotional behavior
c. neurons that contain releasing hormones

Question 4

Blood Supply to Hypothalamus:

1. Anteromedial group
2. Posteromedial group

Answer 4

1. ACB + A1
2. PCB + P1

*rostral PCB –> tuberal region
caudal PCB –> mammillary region

Question 5

What is the largest, single input to the hypothalalmus?

Answer 5

fornix

Question 6

Where do the following arise and terminate?

a. Hypothalamospinal
b. Hypothalamomedullary

Answer 6

a. PVN –> ICC
b. PVN –> solitary nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, nucleus ambiguus

direct links to ANS

Question 7

Where do the following arise and terminate?

a. Posterior longitudinal fasciculus
b. Mammillotegmental tract

Answer 7

a. medial hypothalamic zone –> PAG
b. medial mammillary nucleus –> posterior + anterior tegmental nucleis in PAG

indirect links to ANS

Question 8

Supraopticohypophysial Tract

Answer 8

SON/PVN make Oxytoxin/ADH –> PP

Question 9

Role of suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 9

input from retina for circadian rhythms

Question 10

Anterior thalamic nucleus

Answer 10

Papez circuit–> emotion + memory acquisition

Question 11

Medial Thalamic nuclei

Answer 11

role in control of eye moment

Question 12

Lateral Thalamic nuclei

Answer 12

a. Dorsal Tier - visual association cortex; visual function, eye movements
b. Ventral Tier - VA, VPL, VPM–> somatosensory to cortex
c. Lateral geniculate nucleus - visual afferent
d. Medial geniculate nucleus - auditory afferents
e. Posterior nuclear complex - nociception

Question 13

Ischemic or hemorrhage in thalamoperforating arteries causes…

Answer 13

contra hemiparesis + hemianesthesia

Question 14

Stroke of Thalamogeniculate artery

Answer 14

tot/dissociated sensory loss; may experience intense pain

Thalamic pain/Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome

Question 15

Papez circuit

Answer 15

Mammillothalamic tract –> medial mammillary nucleus –> anterior nuclues –> cingulate gyrus –> entorhinal cortex/subiculum/hippocampus –> subiculum returns infor to mammillary body via fornix

Question 16

What connects the principal structures of the limbic system?

Answer 16

papez circuit

Question 17

Amygdaloid Efferents

Answer 17

1. Stria terminalis –> motor behavior response
2. Ventral amygdalofugal pathway
3. Stria medullaris thalami

Question 18

Setpal region

Answer 18

control rage behavior

Question 19

Medial forebrain bundle

Answer 19

pleasure or drive reduction

Question 20

Nucleus Accumbens

Answer 20

behaviors related to addiction/chronic pain

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

Question 21

Ventral Tegmental Area

Answer 21

reward + motivation

-may contribute to addiction

Question 22

Hippocampal Amnesia

Answer 22

• b/l lesions

- deficit in anterograde episodic memory (no new material)

Question 23

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

Answer 23

• can’t make long term memories
• can’t learn new tasks
• difficulty understanding written materiel/conducting meaniful conversations
• will CONFABULATE into memories that never occurred

*thiamine deficiency - alcoholism - nucleus accumbens

Question 24

Phantosmia

Answer 24

• distortino in a smell experience when the smell is not present
• abnormal sequence of neuronal activity
• • lesion of anterior/medial temporal lobe
• hippocampus, amygdala, or medial dorsal thalamic nuclei

Question 25

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Answer 25

- b/l temporal lobe lesion that abolishes amygdaloid complex - visual agnosia, hy[erorality, hypermetamorphosis, placidity, hyperphagia, hypersexuality

Question 26

Signs of uncal herniation

Answer 26

- dilated pupil and abnormal eye movements with double vision ispi to herniation (CN 3) - contra weakness of extremities - with progression, respiration is affected