Motor Flashcards
(32 cards)
What creates the initial map of the space around you?
VIP (ventral intraparietal area)
*F4 creates a detailed map
What is the route from the visual cortex to detailed map? related map?
visual cortex –> VIP –> F4 of premotor cortex–> detailed map
visual cortex –> VIP + V6a –> F2 –> related map
What do the anterior intraparietal area and PFG do? Where do they relay information?
- seeing an object to grasp
- grasping an object
- seeing and grasping an object
- F5
- visuomotor
What is the job of F5?
neurons fire with the goal of the action (ex. I want to pick up that coffee)
What are the two divisions of the supplementary motor cortex?
a. Supplementary motor area: postural control
b. Pre-supplementary area: plans the motor program required to make the action occur
What allows you to switch actions midway through doing something
supplementary motor cortex
What kind of information does layer IV receive?
muscle and joint preconception
What layer do UMNs come from?
layer V
How are neighboring columns related?
they control related motions (NOT neighboring muscles)
What allows you too…
a. decide it is okay to move
b. perform the motion
c. identify the specific motor sequence required
a. premotor complex
b. primary motor cortex
c. supplementary motor cortex
What are the divisions and roles of the spinocerebellum?
a. central: postural control to ongoing motion
b. side: force and direction
What are the divisions and roles of the cerebrocerebellum?
plan complex motions and sequence
ex. playing an instrument
What are the divisions and roles of the vestibulocerebellum?
balance/eye movements and future movements
How do we get outputs from the cerebellum?
the deep cerebellar nuclei
a. dentate nucleus
b. fastigial nucleus
c. interpositus (globose and emboliformis)
What are the inputs of the spinocerebellum central? outputs?
a. efferent copy: vestibular, visual, auditory
b. interpositus n. and fastigial n,. to rubrospinal tract
What are the inputs of the spinocerebellum lateral ? outputs?
a. muscle afferent, efferent copy
b. interpositis nucleus to rubrospinal tract
What are the inputs of the cerebrocerebellum? outputs?
a. all regions of cerebral cortex
b. dentate back to cortex (to produce the motion)
What are the inputs of the vestibulocerebellum? outputs?
a. vestibular apparatus
b. fastigial nucleus to vestibular nuclei (ascend or descend)
What is the simple pathway for voluntary motion?
SNPC –dopamine–> striatum –> direct/indirect
Steps of the direct pathway
cortical influence –+–> increased SNPC activity –> increased dopamine in striatum –> dopamine to D1Rs –> excitation –axons to–> GPi and SNPR –> increased GABA –> hyper-polarized SNPC/GPi neurons –> axons to thalamus –> GABA released decreases –> decreased inhibition of thalamic neurons –> axons to cortex –> increased EAA –> allows motion to occur
Steps of the indirect pathway
cortical influence –+–> increased SNPC activity –> increased dopamine in striatum –> dopamine to D2Rs –> decreased activity –GABA–> GPe –> decreased GABA released –> increased activyt in GPe –> subthalamic nucleus –> increased GABA –> hyperpolarized subthalamic nucleus –> decreased EAA SNPR/GPi –> decreased activity in SNPR/GPi
How does the brain trick the the body into thinking it isn’t being stretched?
it inhibits both the alpha and gamma motor neurons in the antagonist
What is the only source of climbing fibers?
inferior olive
*function is to excite purkinje cells; convey information regarding movement error
What are the sources of mossy fibers?
SC, reticular formation, vestibular system, pontine nuclei
*synapse with granulocytes; convey somatosensory, arousal, equilibrium, and cerebral cortex motor infor to cerebellum
