DWDM, CPAN & OTN Flashcards

(85 cards)

1
Q

WDM system, using the two widely spaced wavelengths in the 1310 nm and 1550 nm (or 850 nm and 1310 nm) is called
1) narrowband WDM
2) wideband WDM
3) DWDM

A

wideband WDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

WDM system, two to eight channels spaced at an interval of about 400 GHz in the 1550-nm window
1) narrowband WDM
2) wideband WDM
3) DWDM

A

narrowband WDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

16 to 160 channels and spacing from 25GHz to 200 GHz intervals
1) narrowband WDM
2) wideband WDM
3) DWDM

A

DWDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

WDM Optical amplifiers boost light waves without converting it into electrical form. (T/F)

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DWDM infrastructure _______
the distances between network elements
1) increases
2) decreases
3) no change

A

increases the distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DWDM systems are _____ and can accept any combination of interface rates
1) bit-rate dependent and format independent
2) bit-rate and format independent
3) bit-rate and format dependent
4) bit-rate dependent and format independent

A

bit-rate and format independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two key elements of WDM optical amplifier

A

the optical fiber that is doped with
the element erbium and the amplifier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Automatic adjustment of the optical amplifiers when channels are added or
removed achieves optimal system performance. This is because
1) if there is just one channel on the system with high power, degradation in
performance through self-phase modulation can occur.
2) too little power results in not enough gain from the amplifier.
3) both 1 and 2
4) none of the above

A

both 1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the 1530- to 1565-nm range
1) silica-based optical amplifiers perform better
2) fluoride-based optical amplifiers perform better
3) both perform equally well

A

both perform equally well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which one is costly
1) silica-based optical amplifiers
2) fluoride-based optical amplifiers

A

fluoride-based optical amplifiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

to upgrade the WDM channel capacity or wavelengths
1) require more power
2) need additional signal-to-noise margin
3) either 1 or 2
4) none

A

either 1 or 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

To double the WDM number of channels or the bit rate, __ dB of additional
signal-to-noise margin is needed
1) 1dB
2) 2dB
3) 3dB
4) 4dB

A

3 dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The _____ grid is made up of
18 wavelengths defined within the range 1270 nm to 1610 nm spaced by 20 nm
1) BWDM (normal DWM)
2) CWDM
3) DWDM

A

CWDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_____ typically uses 20-nm spacing (3000 GHz) of up to 18 channels
1) BWDM (normal DWM)
2) CWDM
3) DWDM

A

CWDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

________ common spacing may be 200, 100, 50, or 25 GHz with channel count reaching up to 128 or more
1) BWDM (normal DWM)
2) CWDM
3) DWDM

A

DWDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

second transmission window
1) 850nm
2) 1300nm
3) 1530 to 1565
4) 1565 to 1620

A

1300nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

third transmission window
1) 850nm
2) 1300nm
3) 1530 to 1565
4) 1565 to 1620

A

1530 to 1565

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fourth transmission window
1) 850nm
2) 1300nm
3) 1530 to 1565
4) 1565 to 1620

A

1565 to 1620

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Conventional Band
1) 850nm
2) 1300nm
3) 1530 to 1565
4) 1565 to 1620

A

1530 to 1565

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Long Band
1) 850nm
2) 1300nm
3) 1530 to 1565
4) 1565 to 1620

A

1565 to 1620

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Technological reasons limit DWDM applications at the moment to the _______ window
1) first and second
2) second and third
2) third and fourth

A

third and fourth window (conventional band and long band)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most popular optical amplifier is ______

A

EDFA (Eribium Doped Fiber Amplifier)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

EDFA can increase capacity of DWDM (T/F)

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The _____ carries information about the multi-wavelength optical signal as well as remote conditions at the optical terminal or EDFA site
1) OSC
2) First Wavelength
3) Last wavelength

A

OSC: optical supervisory channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
3R indicates (in overhead-monitoring multi-bitrate 3R regenerators)
Re-time, Re-transmit, Re-shape
26
multiplexed transponder is muxponder. (T/F)
T
27
Enhanced WDM combines CDWDM and DWDM. (T/F)
T
28
Wavelength conversion is done in _______ 1) transceiver 2) transponder
transponder
29
______combine the benefits of SONET/SDH technology with the bandwidth expandability of DWDM 1) OTN 2) CPAN 3) MPLS
OTN
30
The newly developed OTN is specified in ITU-T G.____ Network Node Interface for the Optical Transport Network (OTN)
G.709
31
The ITU-T standards cover the 1) encapsulation format 2) multiplexing, switching 3) management, supervision, and survivability of optical channels carrying client payloads 4) All of the above
All of the above
32
OTN also provides the ability 1) to measure network performance across multiple service providers‘ domains 2) to provide seamless, end-to-end monitored services. 3) both above 4) none of the above
both above
33
ITU Standard G.709 is commonly called 1) OTN 2) SDH 3) SONET 4) CPAN
OTN
34
_____ sometimes referred to as digital wrapper (DW) 1) DWDM 2) SDH 3) OTN 4) CPAN
??
35
OTN supports 1) wideband services 2) narrowband services 3) both 4) none
both wideband and narrowband
36
OTN wrapper provides complete transparency for client signals in ___ 1) fixed containers 2) flexible containers
flexible containers
37
in OTN, there is no contention between concurrent services or users. (T/F)
T
38
OTN facilitates efficient use of DWDM capacity by ensuring _______ are maintained across a network using OTN switches at fiber junctions. 1) frame rates 2) fill rates 3) bit rates
fill rates
39
in OTN using ______ network upgrades can be tested or introduced in a protected network partition or sandbox, without the risk of impacting day-to-day network operations in production partitions 1) O-VLAN 2) O-VPN 3) O-LAN
O-VPN
40
OTN sandbox environment is formed using 1) O-VLAN 2) O-VPN 3) O-LAN
O-VPN
41
OTN networks ensure a high level of privacy and security through __________ of traffic onto dedicated circuits 1) soft partitioning 2) hard partitioning 3) mixing
hard partitioning
42
OTN network management data is carried on a _________ 1) same channel as user application data 2) separate channel completely isolated from user application data 3) either 1 or 2
separate channel completely isolated from user application data
43
OTN has ______the number of bytes reserved for Forward Error Correction (FEC) 1) kept same 2) decreased 3) increased
increased
44
OTN has a theoretical improvement of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) by ___due to FEC improvement 1) 3dB 2) 6.2dB 3) 5.5dB 4) 2dB
6.2dB
45
In OTN, Improved SNR helps in 1) increasing span length 2) increasing the number of spans 3) increasing the number of channels 4) All of the above
All of the above
46
transparent optical network elements which are fundamental for the evolution from point-to-point optical networks to meshed ones 1) OADM 2) OXC 3) both 4) none
both
47
TCM stands for _______
Tandem Connection Monitoring
48
______ enables the user and its signal carriers to monitor the quality of the traffic that is transported between segments or connections in the network. 1) FEC 2) TMN 3) TCM
TCM (Tandem Connection Monitoring)
49
OTN has fixed _______ 1) frame rate 2) frame size
frame size. (SDH has fixed frame rate)
50
OTN mapping of payloads 1) synchronous 2) asynchronous
asynchronous (SDH has synchronous)
51
OTN performs _______ multiplexing 1) single-stage 2) multi-stage
single-stage
52
increases frame size as client size increases 1) SDH 2) OTN
SDH
53
increases frame rate as client rate increases 1) SDH 2) OTN
OTN
54
OTN FEC sized for error correction to correct ___ blocks per frame 1) 8 2) 16 3) 32 4) 64
16 blocks
55
OTN carry services of 1) synchronous 2) asynchronous 3) both
both OTN includes per-service timing adjustments to carry both
56
OTN _____ multiplex synchronous and asynchronous services into a common wavelength 1) can 2) cannot
can
57
In optical transport hierarchy (OTH), The electrical domain is structured in a hierarchical order just like ______ 1) SDH multiplexing 2) DWDM multiplexing
SDH multiplexing
58
In optical transport hierarchy (OTH), The optical domain is structured in a hierarchical order just like ______ 1) SDH multiplexing 2) DWDM multiplexing
DWDM multiplexing
59
OTH ITU recommendation G.872 on 1) architecture 2) frames and formats 3) functions and processes
architecture
60
OTH ITU recommendation G.709 on 1) architecture 2) frames and formats 3) functions and processes
frames and formats
61
OTH ITU recommendation G.798 on 1) architecture 2) frames and formats 3) functions and processes
functions and processes
62
OTH ITU recommendation G.872 on architecture defines classes of interfaces: 1) OTN inter-domain interface (IrDI) 2) OTN intra-domain interface (IaDI) 3) both
both
63
OTN interface IrDI stands for
OTN inter-domain interface
64
OTN interface IaDI stands for
OTN intra-domain interface
65
____ interface is defined with 3R 1) IrDI 2) IaDI
IrDI
66
____ can potentially have proprietary features added such as a more powerful FEC 1) IrDI 2) IaDI
IaDI (IaDI is typically between equipment of the same vendor)
67
This interface connects the networks of two operators, or the subnetworks of one or multiple vendors in the same operator domain 1) IrDI 2) IaDI
IrDI
68
This interface connects networks within one operator and vendor domain 1) IrDI 2) IaDI
IaDI
69
FCAPS management functions stands for
fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security management
70
For MPLS-TP The operator has the choice to 1) enable the control plane 2) to operate the network in a traditional way without control plane by means of an NMS 3) any of the above
any of the above. control plane does not make the NMS obsolete – the NMS needs to configure the control plane and also needs to interact with the control plane for connection management purposes.
71
The features from MPLS that are not supported by MPLS-TP are: 1) MPLS Control Plane 2) Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) 3) LSP Merge 4) Equal Cost Multi Path
all of them
72
MPLS-TP _______ (requires/does not require) LDP or any other control plane protocol to set up the circuits.
does not require
73
PHP was disabled in MPLS-TP because 1) cause problem with QoS 2) cause problem with path
cause problem with QoS
74
MPLS-TP mandates the support of 1) bidirectional LSPs 2) point-to-multipoint paths
both
75
MPLS-TP nodes should be able to work with no control plane
T
76
MPLS nodes usually use in-band management or at least in-band exchange of control-plane messages. MPLS-TP network elements have to support _______ 1) in-band management 2) out-of-band management
out-of-band management over a dedicated management network
77
Data forwarding within an MPLS-TP network element _______ even if its management or control plane fails 1) may fail 2) must continue
must continue
78
MPLS-TP network elements must be able to run without IP in the forwarding plane
T
79
MPLS-TP thus includes mandatory support for numerous ring-specific mechanisms
T
80
As compared to MPLS/GMPLS ___ are not required for MPLS-TP 1) LDP 2) BGP 3) PHP 4) LSP
1,2,3
81
How many columns in OTN frame structure 1) 4080 2) 270 3) 1040 4) 3080
4080
82
What is the Payload Capacity of OUT-4 1) 2.5 Gbps 2) 10 Gbps 3) 40Gbps 4) 100Gbps
100Gbps OTU-0: 1.25Gbps OTU-1: 2.5Gbps OTU-2: 4Gbps OTU-3: 10Gbps
83
Solomon code refers to 1) generating path overhead] 2) implementation of FEC code
implementation of FEC code
84
OTN ODU similar to SDH 1) RSOH 2) POH 3) MSOH
MSOH OPU similar Ho POH OPU Payload similar to C-4 Payload
85
Overheads in the optical domain is transported via 1) in band channel 2) out-of-band channel
out-of-band channel OSC optical supervisory channel