Dynamic Equalibrum Differences

Question 1

Catabolic vs anabolic metabolism

Answer 1

Catabolic breaks down molecules for energy; anabolic builds molecules using energy.

Question 2

Negative vs positive feedback loops

Answer 2

Negative reverses changes to maintain balance; positive amplifies changes.

Question 3

Endocrine vs exocrine glands

Answer 3

Endocrine release hormones into blood; exocrine release substances through ducts.

Question 4

Steroid vs nonsteroid hormones

Answer 4

Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble; nonsteroid are water-soluble

Question 5

Pituitary vs pineal glands

Answer 5

Pituitary controls other glands; pineal regulates sleep cycles.

Question 6

Thyroid vs thymus glands

Answer 6

Thyroid regulates metabolism; thymus supports immune development

Question 7

Epinephrine vs adrenaline

Answer 7

They are the same hormone (different names: US vs UK). Both: Fight-or-flight response.

Question 8

Type I vs Type II diabetes

Answer 8

Type I: Autoimmune, no insulin production. Type II: Insulin resistance

Question 9

Spermatogenesis vs oogenesis

Answer 9

Spermatogenesis makes sperm; oogenesis makes eggs. Spermatogenesis: Continuous after puberty. Oogenesis: Begins before birth.

Question 10

Embryo vs fetus

Answer 10

Embryo: 0–8 weeks development; fetus: 9 weeks to birth. Embryo: Organ formation. Fetus: Growth and maturation.

Question 11

Testes vs scrotum

Answer 11

Testes produce sperm/hormones; scrotum holds and protects testes. Testes: Sperm production. Scrotum: Temperature regulation.

Question 12

Semen vs seminal fluid

Answer 12

Semen includes sperm and seminal fluid; seminal fluid nourishes and transports sperm

Question 13

Prostate vs bulbourethral glands

Answer 13

Prostate adds fluid to semen; bulbourethral cleanses urethra.

Question 14

Primary vs secondary spermatocytes

Answer 14

Primary undergo meiosis I; secondary undergo meiosis II. Primary: Diploid. Secondary: Haploid.

Question 15

Spermatogonia vs spermatids

Answer 15

Spermatogonia are stem cells; spermatids are nearly mature sperm.

Question 16

Endometrium vs myometrium

Answer 16

Endometrium is the inner lining; myometrium is the muscle layer. Endometrium:

Question 17

Primary vs secondary oocytes

Answer 17

Primary begins meiosis I; secondary continues meiosis II. Primary: Present at birth. Secondary: Ovulated.

Question 18

Neural plate vs neural groove

Answer 18

Neural plate is the flat ectodermal region; neural groove is its invagination.

Question 19

Neural tube vs neural crest

Answer 19

tube forms CNS; neural crest forms PNS and other structures

Question 20

Ultrasound vs amniocentesis

Answer 20

Ultrasound uses sound waves for imaging; amniocentesis extracts amniotic fluid for testing.

Question 21

Fraternal vs maternal twins

Answer 21

Fraternal: Two eggs, two sperm. Maternal: One egg, one sperm, splits.

Question 22

Conception vs contraception

Answer 22

Conception is fertilization; contraception prevents it.

Question 23

Sensory vs motor neurons

Answer 23

Sensory carries signals to CNS; motor carries signals from CNS.

Question 24

Dendrite vs axon terminal

Answer 24

Dendrite receives signals; axon terminal sends them. Dendrite: On neuron body. Terminal: At synapse.

Question 25

Resting vs action potentials

Answer 25

Resting: Neuron is polarized. Action: Neuron fires a signal.

Question 26

Depolarization vs repolarization

Answer 26

Depolarization: Na+ enters, membrane becomes positive. Repolarization: K+ exits, restores negative charge.

Question 27

Acetylcholine vs cholinesterase

Answer 27

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter; cholinesterase breaks it down. Acetylcholine: Activates muscles. Cholinesterase: Stops signal.

Question 28

Affector vs effector

Answer 28

Affector detects stimulus; effector performs response. Affector: Sensory neuron. Effector: Muscle/gland.

Question 29

CNS vs PNS

Answer 29

CNS is brain and spinal cord; PNS is all other nerves. CNS: Brain. PNS: Arm nerves.

Question 30

ANS vs SNS

Answer 30

ANS controls involuntary functions; SNS controls voluntary movement. ANS: Heartbeat. SNS: Walking

Question 31

Sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous systems

Answer 31

Sympathetic: Fight-or-flight. Parasympathetic: Rest-and-digest.

Question 32

Pia mater vs dura mater

Answer 32

Pia is thin and inner; dura is thick and outer. Pia: Clings to brain. Dura: Protective outer layer.

Question 33

Meningitis vs encephalitis

Answer 33

Meningitis is inflammation of meninges; encephalitis is inflammation of brain

Question 34

Cerebrum vs cerebellum

Answer 34

Cerebrum handles thinking; cerebellum handles coordination. Cerebrum: Memory. Cerebellum: Balance.

Question 35

Pons vs medulla oblongata

Answer 35

Pons relays signals; medulla controls vital functions. Pons: Sleep regulation. Medulla: Breathing/heart rate.

Question 36

Thalamus vs hypothalamus

Answer 36

Thalamus relays sensory info; hypothalamus regulates homeostasis.

Question 37

Huntington’s vs Parkinson’s disease

Answer 37

Huntington’s is genetic and causes movement/cognitive decline; Parkinson’s causes tremors due to dopamine loss.

Question 38

Stimulant vs depressant

Answer 38

Stimulants increase CNS activity; depressants slow it down. Stimulant: Caffeine. Depressant: Alcohol.