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Biology 122 > Maintainng Dynamic Equalibrum Vocabs > Flashcards

Maintainng Dynamic Equalibrum Vocabs Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Homeostasis

A

The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions.

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2
Q

Metabolism

A

All the chemical reactions in the body that keep it alive and functioning.

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3
Q

Hormone

A

A chemical messenger that travels through the blood to affect other parts of the body.

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4
Q

Target cell

A

The specific cell a hormone affects because it has matching receptors

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5
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Chemicals that act locally to influence inflammation, pain, and other functions.

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6
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A brain region that controls body temperature and hormone release.

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7
Q

Pituitary

A

A gland that releases hormones that control other glands in the body.

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8
Q

Thyroxine

A

A hormone from the thyroid that regulates metabolism and energy use.

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9
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

A hormone that helps the body retain water by reducing urine output.

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10
Q

Islets of langerhans

A

Clusters of pancreas cells that produce insulin and glucagon.

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11
Q

Diabetes

A

A condition where the body can’t properly regulate blood sugar.

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12
Q

Edmonton protocol

A

A treatment involving islet cell transplants for severe diabetes.

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13
Q

Frederick banting

A

Co-discoverer of insulin, which helps treat diabetes.

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14
Q

Charles best

A

Worked with Banting to discover insulin.

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15
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

A condition where blood sugar drops too low.

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16
Q

Puberty

A

The time when a person’s body begins to develop and change into an adult.

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17
Q

Menopause

A

When menstruation stops, marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years.

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18
Q

Fertilization

A

When a sperm cell joins with an egg cell to form a zygote.

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19
Q

Zygote

A

The first cell formed when an egg is fertilized by a sperm.

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20
Q

Semen

A

Fluid containing sperm and other substances released during ejaculation.

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21
Q

Seminiferous tubulez

A

Tubes in the testes where sperm are made.

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22
Q

Serotli cells

A

Cells in the testes that help nourish developing sperm.

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23
Q

Menstruation

A

The shedding of the uterine lining when pregnancy does not occur.

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24
Q

Clitoris

A

A sensitive part of the female anatomy involved in sexual arousal.

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25
Labia
Folds of skin around the female genital opening.
26
Ovum
A mature female egg cell ready for fertilization.
27
Ovulation
The release of an egg from the ovary.
28
Polar bodies
Small cells formed during egg production that usually don't develop into embryos.
29
Follicle
A fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains an immature egg.
30
Corpus luteum
The leftover follicle tissue after ovulation that releases hormones like progesterone.
31
Gestation
The period of development inside the uterus from fertilization to birth.
32
Acrosome
A cap on a sperm that contains enzymes to help it enter the egg.
33
Zona pellucida
A protective layer surrounding the egg that a sperm must penetrate.
34
Cleavage
Early cell divisions in a zygote that don’t increase its size.
35
Morula
A solid ball of cells resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg.
36
Blastocyst
A hollow ball of cells that implants into the uterus and becomes the embryo.
37
Implantation
When the blastocyst attaches to the wall of the uterus.
38
Gastrulation
A stage when the embryo forms three distinct cell layers.
39
Primary German layers
The three cell layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) that give rise to all body tissues.
40
Neurulation
The process where the neural tube (future brain and spinal cord) forms.
41
Placenta
An organ that connects the mother and fetus to exchange nutrients and waste.
42
Organogenesis
The formation of organs from the germ layers in the embryo
43
Parturition
The process of giving birth.
44
Sonogram
An image of a fetus made using ultrasound waves.
45
Chorionic villus sampling
A test where placental tissue is taken to check for genetic conditions.
46
Fetoscope
A device used to see or hear the fetus in the womb.
47
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
A group of problems in a baby caused by alcohol exposure before birth.
48
Artificial insemination
A fertility method where sperm is placed directly into the uterus.
49
In vitro fertilization
A process where eggs and sperm are combined outside the body, then implanted in the uterus.
50
Vasectomy
A surgery to cut the vas deferens to prevent sperm release.
51
Tubal ligation
A surgery to block or cut the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy.
52
Neurotransmitter
A chemical that carries signals between nerve cells.
53
Interneuron
A nerve cell that connects other neurons, especially in the brain and spinal cord.
54
Myelin sheath
A fatty covering around nerve fibers that speeds up nerve signals.
55
Schwann cells
Cells that form the myelin sheath around nerves in the peripheral nervous system.
56
Node of ranvier
Gaps between myelin sheaths on a neuron where impulses jump to speed up transmisson
57
Active transport
Movement of substances across a membrane using energy
58
Sodium potassium pump
Protein that moves sodium out and potassium into a neuron to maintain charge balance
59
Threshold
Minimum level of stimulus needed to trigger a nerve impulse
60
Action potential
Rapid electrical signal that travels along a neuron
61
Synapse
Gap between 2 nerons
62
Meninges
Protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
63
Corpus callosum
Thick band of nerve fibers connecting the left and right brain
64
White matter
Brain and spial tissue made of myelinated nerve fibers that carry signals
65
Cerebellum
Part of the brain that controls balance, coordination and fine motor skills
66
Cerebrum
Largets part of the barin resposanbke for thinking, memory and movement
67
Brain stem
Connects the brain yo the spinal cord and controls vital functions like breathing
68
Neurological disorders
A condition affecting the brain. Spinal cord or nerves
69
Gateway drug
Substance that may lead to use of more harmful drugs
70
Addiction
Where a person compulsively uses a drug

Biology 122 (12 decks)

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