Dyspnoea Dogs and Cats Flashcards
(41 cards)
Where does obstructive disease affeect URT v LRT?
Either! But single URT or diffuse/multiple LRT
Classes of disease that cause dyspnoeic
- obstructive disease
- loss of thoracic capacity
- pulmonary parenchymal disease -> VQ mismatch
- pulmonary vascular disease
- metabolic/physiological causes
Obstructive causes of dyspnoea
- nasal obstruction
- trauma
- FB
- laryngeal paralysis
- tracheal collapse
- brachycephalic obstructive airway disease
- filaroides
- extra lumenal mass lesions
- asthma
> NOISE!
Causes of loss of thoracic capacity? Ddx?
- fluid/air in pleural space (plerual effusion, pneumothorax)
- organs displaced from abdo (diaphragmatic rupture or cranial abdo organ enlargement, PPDH pericardio-peritoneo-diaphragmatic hernia congenital)
- less comonly neoplasia or marked cardiomegaly
Causes of pulmonary parenchymal disease? DdX?
> diffusion abnormalities due t o disease of the alveolar wall and interstitium
- alveolar flooding with oedema, blood or exudate (bronchopneumonia, pulmonary oedema - cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, haemmorrhage)
- abnormal pulmonary vascular supply (thromboembolism, VQ mismatch)
- neoplasia
- pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic or toxic
- LRT parasites
Ddx of pulmonary vascular causes of dyspnoea
- pulmonary hypertension (perfusion compromised due to ^ RV afterload)
- pulmonary thromboembolic disease
Non-respiratory causes of dyspnoea?
- hyperthermia
- obesity
- excitement/excercise
- anaemia
- acidosis
- CNS disease
- endocrine disease
- neuromuscular disease
- thoracic wall abnormalities
How does approach to dyspnoeic patient differ to other conditions?
- May need stabilisation first
- Do not stress! WIll ^ oxygen demand
What is the 1st course of action for any dyspnoeic patient?
- oxygen!
How does obstructive URT disease present? Ddx?
- dyspnoea associated with noise and increased inspiratory effort
> laryngeal paralysis
> tracheal collapse
How does pleural disease present?
- decreased resp noise on auscultation
- fluid line on percussion
- expanded chest
How does pulmonary disease present?
- ^ respiratorynoise on auscultation esp. wheezes and crackles
EMergency tx of URT obstruction?
- establish airway (intubate)
- tracheostomy (bypass airway completely)
Emergency tx of ppleural effusion?
thoracocentesis
WHat diagnostic test is best first course of action?
Radiography
- differentiate pulmonary disease, pleural disease, abscence of either of these indicating obstructive/non-respiratory causes
Tx if URT obstruction?
Surgical (laryngeal tieback etc.)
MOst common infectious respiratory disease of cats?
Cat flu
- AKA feline infectious upper respiratory disease complex
Where are outbreaks of cat flu commonly seen?
- boarding catteries/breeding colonies/rescue
- usually young
Pathogens involved in cat flu?
> Feline herpesvirus ( Feline viral rhinotracheitis) > Feline calicivirus > Chlamydophila felis > BOrdatella - mycoplasma, reovirus, cowpox virus
CLinical signs of cat flu
- RHinitis (+2* bacterial)
- Occulitis
- Ulcerative disease seen with calicivirus
> URTI signs generally
WHen is diagnosing type of pathogen helpful?
In an outbreak
- in single cases not particularly useful
What pathogen is most likely to cause occular discharge?
Chlamydophila
What pathogen is more likely to cause lingunal ulcers?
Calicivirus (can also cause systemic problems)
Which pathogen and associated condition causes most severe signs in unvaccinated animals?
- feline viral rhinotracheitis caused by feline herpes virus (FHV)
