dystocia prevention Flashcards
(20 cards)
dystocia and calving ease score of 1
no assistance needed
dystocia and calving ease score of 2
slight assistance
traction with bear hands
dystocia and calving ease score of 3
assistance needed
traction with chains
correction of abnormal PPP
dystocia and calvig ease score of 4
considerable assistance needed
traction with chains
significant forse or calf jack
corretion of severe abnormality of PPP
dystocia and calving ease score of 5
extremel difficult
fetotomy or C-section
impact of dystocia on dam
trauma to dam (animal welfare)-don’t use NSAIDs before/during calving
18% of culls are associated wtih dsytocia and stillbirth
dam is more likely to experience retained placenta, metritis, lower fertility and milk production
impact of dystocia on calf
leading cause of perinatal mortality
likelihood of calf’s death increases with severity of dystocia
death during dystocia is often due to anoxia and trauma
perinatal mortality-most died after birth within an hour
ultimate causes of dystocia
fetal sex fetal abnormalities breed parity/age hx of dystocia season nutrition exercise disease herd size region their interactions
intermediate causes of dystocia
gestation length fetal oversize birth canal undersize hypocalcemia/magnesemia parturient stress hormonal imbalances previous dystocia twins
proximal causes of dystocia
feto-pelvic dysproportion abnormal fetal disposition uterine inertia vulval or cervical stenosis uterine torsion
calf’s birth weight
fetus gains 50% of their birth weight after 230 days of pregnancy
final stage of pregnancy-0.3 kg/day
bull calves-1 to 3 day longer pregnancy duration than heifer calves; weight more at birth: fetopelvic dysproportion
parity of dam
primiparous heifers are 3x as likely to experience dystocia than pluriparous cows
leading causes for dystocia in primiparous heifers
feto-pelvic dysproportion
abnormal fetal disposition
incomplete dilatation of vulva and cervix
leading causes of dystocia in pluripara cows
abnormal fetal disposition Feto-pelvic dysporoprtion twins uterine inertia uterine torsion incomplete dilatation of vulva and cervix
guide line number for dystocia
<9%
guidelie number for perinatal mortality
2-5%
management strategies to reduce incidence of dystocia in heifers
heifers should gain avg 0.8 to 0.9 kg/d of body weight from birth to 1st calving
start breeding heifers are 60% of mature body weight and observe wither height recommendation for each breed
use bulls with low “calving ease”
use sexed semen-want heifers
target weight at 1st calving-85% of mature body weight
avoid over conditioning
manage strategies to reduce incidence of dystocia in cows
feed rations that will minimize the risk of milk fever
screen cows at the start of the dry off period for possible problems
avoid over conditioning
use bulls wtih low “calving ease” for small cows
management strategies to reduce incidence of dystocia in cows and heifers
close up cow and maternity pens should be monitored closely (>24 hours) proper/balanced nutrition enure heat abatement is provided minimize unnecessary changes in diet minimize unnecessary changes in pen
at calving
timing of movement of dams in parturition is crucial
clean calving environment
observation
timing of assistance