obstetrics of small ruminants Flashcards
gestation of sheep? goats?
sheep-147 days
goats-150 days, can induce with 2-3 ml of prostaglandin IM, occurs avg of 32 hrs llater
When should you u/s?
u/s between days 40 to 80
determine if pregnant/open, fetal numbers, gestational age, abnormalities
nutritional status
test feed quality
weigh what is being fed
BCS ewes/does a month before breeding, at pregnancy check and a month before lambing
sort ewes/does and feed for BCS
abortion management
for all farms: feed fresh, high quality, sheep specific trace mineralized salt; control where indoog and outdoor farm cats defecate by using litter box management, low risk disease risk plan for intro of new sheep
best practice plan: designed for each farm’s situation; vax for Chlamydophilia abortus, Campylobacter jejuni, C. fetus subsp fetus; consider all abortions an emergency regarding dx and managements; consider feeding chemoprophylatic agents
what to do an abortion storm
isolationn and sanitation
do not feed on ground
destroy infected placenta and fetuses
submit samples to dx lab include placenta
immediate vax
feed oxytetracycline or tetracycline
give remaining pregnant females abx injections
causes of dystocia
abortion
disproportionate size of ewe and lamb/doe and kid
malpresentation of fetus
failure of cervix to dilate (ringwomb)
vaginal prolapse
deformed lamb/kid
when to do a vaginal exam and possibly intervene
no progress after 1 hr of hard labor in primiparous female
no progress after 30-60 mins of hard labor in multiparous female
foul odor to uterine fluid/vaginal discharge
late gestation sick dam that hasn’t lambed/kidded yet
meconium visible in amniotic fluid
only tail or only head present
if producer or DVM has a large hand, then should examine doe/ewe using vaginal speculum
vaginal examination procedure
restraint, often minimal
clean perineal area
use lots of lube and gloved hands
ID lambs/kids presentation
ID and correct posture
ballot ventral abdomen just ahead of udder checking for more neonates in utero
ringwomb
failure of late gestation cervix to dilate
actual cause unknown
suspected cases: selenium deficiency, campylobacter spp, infection, genetics, unknown
attempt tx with Calcium gluconate and prostaglandin, gentle ringing pressure of cervix attempting forced dilation, prostacycline applied to cervix
C section
cull
vaginal prolapse
bladder usually trapped
cervical mucus plug may be disrupted leading to ascending uterine/fetal infection
sacrocaudal epidural solution
rare in goats
risk factors: ad lib high roughage diet, multiple fetuses, fat dam, short tail dock, genetics
