E2 practice

Question 1

T/F In order for T helper and CTLs to function they must be activated.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T-Helper cells activated by ______ on ______

Answer 2

T-Helpers activated by MHC II on APCs

Question 3

CTL’s (killer T cells) activated by _____ on _______

Answer 3

CTL’s activated by MHC I by “most cells in the body”

Question 4

Which major histocompatibility complex protein presents antigen to activate T helper cells?

Answer 4

MHC II - asssociated with CD4 and T helper cells

Question 5

Which major histocompatibility complex protein presents antigen to activate CTL’s (Killer T cells?)

Answer 5

MHC I - associated with CD8 and Killer T cells (CTL’s)

Question 6

Infected antigen presenting cells displaying viral protein on MHC I function to activate primarily which of the following?

Answer 6

CTL’s (Killer T cells)

Question 7

What keeps the immune system from overreacting?

Answer 7

Regulatory T cells

Question 8

What is the function of CD3 in a T cell receptor?

Answer 8

intracellular signaling

Question 9

Traditional T cells express what receptors?

Answer 9

Αβ (95%)

Question 10

Non traditional T cells express what receptors?

Answer 10

γδ

Question 11

What T cell co receptor is associated with CTLs and functions to strengthen attachment of the TCR to MHC?

Answer 11

CD8

Question 12

What T cell co receptor is associated with ALL T cells and functions as a protein signaling complex

Answer 12

CD3

Question 13

What T cell co receptor is associated with T helper cells

Answer 13

CD4

Question 14

when you see CTL’s you should think ___

Answer 14

CD8

Question 15

what is a receptor molecule on the T Cell Which when activated it amplifies the signal and lower the # of TCR crosslinks needed for activation

Answer 15

CD28

Question 16

T/F Immature T cells in the thymus only express CD3.

Answer 16

False

Double Positive – majority expressing both CD4 + CD8, TCR

Question 17

What allows experienced T cells to reactivate without co stimulation?

Answer 17

Maintenance of lipid rafts

Once T Cells are activated by co-stim, many more cholesterol lipid rafts form. The lipid rafts contain numbers of signaling molecules. “once a cell is activated, it is easier to reactivate- experienced T cells are easier to activate” –written in

Question 18

would up regulation of B7 allow experienced T cells to reactivate without co stimulation?

Answer 18

No, B7 is a co stimulatory molecule

Question 19

Would up regulation of CTLA-4 allow experienced T cells to reactivate without co stimulation?

Answer 19

No, CTLA-4 binds to B7 making it harder to reactivate T cells

Question 20

Th2 bias is normally geared for which of the following?

Answer 20

Parasitic attack in GI tract

Parasitic attack or food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria

Question 21

Th1 bias is normally geared for which of the following?

Answer 21

Viral attack in respiratory tract

Th1 bias typically viral/bacterial

Question 22

Th17 bias is normally geared for which of the following?

Answer 22

Fungal attack in respiratory tract

Fungal attack and some extracellular bacteria

Question 23

Besides a Fas ligand on its cell surface, how else can a CTL kill its target?

Answer 23

Perforin/granzyme B

(Perferates the cell, and drops in the “suicide note”)

1-Attaches, Granzyme B introduced → suicide
2- CTL Fas Ligand to Fas protein → suicide

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of a secondary lymphoid organ?

Answer 24

Lymph node, Spleen, Peyers patches

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a primary lymphoid organ?

Answer 25

Bone marrow, and Thymus

Question 26

Which of the following best describes a primary lymphoid follicle?

Answer 26

Island of follicular dendritic cells in a sea of B cells

Question 27

Follicular dendritic cells have receptors that bind which of the following? (pick two)

Answer 27

Compliment protein + Fc region of antibodies FDCs attach and hold opsonized antigens – allows BCRs cluster and crosslink more easily

Question 28

What is characteristic of the antigen that follicular dendritic cells catch and display to B cells?

Answer 28

Its opsonized

Question 29

In a lymph node, proliferating B cells are associated with which of the following?

Answer 29

Germinal center

Question 30

In a Light Zone, proliferating B cells are associated with which of the following?

Answer 30

Fab regions + hypermutation

Question 31

T/F All secondary lymphoid organs have afferent lymph vessels.

Answer 31

False Spleen doesn't have Afferent lymph vessels (slide 28)

Question 32

How do lymphocytes easily leave the blood vascular system and enter the lymph node?

Answer 32

High endothelial venules

Question 33

What area in a lymph node is lined with macrophages?

Answer 33

Marginal sinus (AKA subcapsular sinus) "M+Ms"

Question 34

What area in a lymph node is lined with lymphoid follicles and where B cells "hang out?"

Answer 34

Cortex

Question 35

What area in a lymph node is where T cells "hang out?"

Answer 35

Paracortex

Question 36

The total flow to the spleen per minute consists of ¾ blood flow and ¼ lymph flow?

Answer 36

False, no Afferent lymphatics to spleen.

Question 37

M cells in Peyer’s patches function to uptake antigen from the GI tract.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Experienced T cell trafficking which restricts them from certain areas depends on what factor?

Answer 38

Expression of certain adhesion molecules

Question 39

What interleukin from inducible regulator T cells (iTreg) binds to receptors on T cells and blocks co-stimulatory signals normally mediated by CD28?

Answer 39

IL-10 inhibitory cytokine and helps shut down the response

Question 40

Why do “mothers kiss their babies”?

Answer 40

IgA antibodies in breast milk specific for babies pathogens

Question 41

What receptor produced by experienced (old) T cells when bound with B7 makes it harder for these T cells to reactivate?

Answer 41

CTLA-4 –inhibitory or down regulation signal

Question 42

name a receptor which functions as a signaling protein complex

Answer 42

CD3

Question 43

_____ is a receptor molecule on the T cell. When activated, it amplifies the signal and lowers the number of TCR crosslinks needed for activation

Answer 43

CD28

Question 44

T/F The lifespan of most immune cells averages from a few days to a few weeks

Answer 44

True

Question 45

T/F B7 binds to CTLA-4 sends a deactivation signal

Answer 45

True

Question 46

T/F B7 binds to CTLA-4 sends an activation signal

Answer 46

False, Deactivation signal

Question 47

T/F B7 binds to CD28 sends a deactivation signal

Answer 47

False, Activation signal

Question 48

T/F B7 binds to CD28 sends an activation signal

Answer 48

True

Question 49

T/F B7 binds to CD 28 sends a kill signal

Answer 49

False, activation signal

Question 50

B7 binds to CD 28 sends a _______ signal

Answer 50

Activation

Question 51

B7 binds to CTLA-4 sends a(n) ________ signal

Answer 51

Deactivation

Question 52

What is the negative test maturing T cells must pass in the thymus?

Answer 52

Must not recognize self peptides

Question 53

What is the positive selection test maturing T cells must pass in the thymus

Answer 53

Must only recognize peptides presented on MHCs

Question 54

What thymic cells are associated with positive selection test of T cells?

Answer 54

Cortical thymic epithelial cells (CECs)

Question 55

What thymic cells are associated with Negative selection test of T cells? pick two

Answer 55

Thymic dendritic cells + Medullary thymic epithelial cells

Question 56

What percentage of maturing T cells pass both selection tests in the thymus and migrate to lymph nodes.

Answer 56

Less than 5%

Question 57

If aberrant T cell escapes deletion in the thymus, what is a common fate of that cell?

Answer 57

Source of Autoimmune disease

Question 58

Which immune cell memory is changeable, depends on what the individual is exposed to and no two people are identical with respect to this type of memory?

Answer 58

Adaptive immunity

Question 59

Which immune cell memory is standard from person to person?

Answer 59

Innate immunity

Question 60

What cell replaces long-lived plasma cells that die from old age?

Answer 60

Central memory B-cells

Question 61

During subsequent attacks, central memory T cells are slow to activate, which protects the body from an abnormally robust response, and helps protect against autoimmune disease.

Answer 61

False, Subsequent attacks create a robust response

Question 62

During a subsequent attack, how do the symptoms compare to the initial attack?

Answer 62

Lesser than the initial attack

Question 63

What process can fine tune memory cell’s BCR increasing affinity to its cognant antigen?

Answer 63

Somatic hypermutation - can tweak it

Question 64

T/F No two people have the same innate memory.

Answer 64

False, we all have the same innate memory

Question 65

T/F Both memory B and T cells are easier to activate in subsequent attacks.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

which memory cells are inactive or dormant?

Answer 66

Memory T cells

Question 67

Which memory cells continually produce modest amounts of antibodies

Answer 67

Long lived plasma cells

Question 68

T/F During the course of an attack, B cells can change the class of antibodies they produce?

Answer 68

True, Remember, Somatic hypermutation

Question 69

Innate memory is primary based on which of the following?

Answer 69

Pattern recognition receptors

Question 70

People who are prone to allergies and asthma typically have what type of Th bias?

Answer 70

Th2

Question 71

People who are prone to viral infections, or bacteria typically have what type of Th bias?

Answer 71

Th1

Question 72

People who are prone to fungal attacks typically have what type of Th bias

Answer 72

Th17