Extra Questions E1

Question 1

Which physical barrier has the greatest surface area to defend?

Answer 1

mucous membranes

Question 2

Which of the following in not considered part of the innate immune system?

Answer 2

Bcells

Question 3

Compliment protein activation is totally dependent on antibodies.

Answer 3

false

Question 4

Which carbohydrates is found on the surface of many common pathogens and can trigger the lectin activation pathway of compliment activation?

Answer 4

mannose

Question 5

What is not a function of the compliment system?

Answer 5

antigen presentation

Question 6

In what state are macrophages good antigen presenters?

Answer 6

primed

Question 7

What is the function of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) which is sometimes expressed on the surface of endothelial cells?

Answer 7

binds integrin expressed on surface of neutophil to stop neutrophil from rolling

Question 8

Which cytokines activate neutrophils as they travel to the battle site?

Answer 8

IL-2

Question 9

Which cytokines, produced by natural killer cells can prime macrophages?

Answer 9

IFN Gamma

Question 10

What organ/tissue is the primary source of the complement proteins?

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

Which activation pathway of the complement system is antibody dependant

Answer 11

classical

Question 12

What cytokine is produced by a hyperactivated macrophage which causes it to secrete lots of IL-12?

Answer 12

TNF

Question 13

Which molecule, native to a bacterial cell wall, can bind to and stimulate both natural killer cells and macrophages signaling that an attack in underway?

Answer 13

IFN gamma

Question 14

In an NK cell membrane, receptors that bind to MHC I receptors displaying peptide fragment elicit what type of response?

Answer 14

kill

Question 15

What “kills” by poking holes in the cell membrane of the invader?

Answer 15

complement

Question 16

What “kills” by poking holes in the cell membrane of the invader, and dumping in granenzyme B?

Answer 16

NK cells

Question 17

Which “kills” by forcing the cell to commit suicide (apoptosis)?

Answer 17

NK cells (Fas & Fas L)

Question 18

What acts as warning proteins, given off by virally infected cells?

Answer 18

TNF

Question 19

What is the most abundant antibody in the blood?

Answer 19

IgG

Question 20

A B cell receptor is best described as?

Answer 20

an antibody tethered to the B cell membrane

Question 21

Which statements regarding a mature B cell is true?

Answer 21

a. only produces soluble antibodies, there are no B cell receptors on the cell surface
b. produces a vast number (>100,000) of different B cell receptors or antibodies
c. produces a small number (

Question 22

At any point in time how many B cells in the blood are identical?

Answer 22

50 – about 30 in the blood

Question 23

Most B cells will eventually find their cognant antigen.(T/F)

Answer 23

false

Question 24

What part of an antibody binds to an antigen?

Answer 24

“top of the Y” heavy and light chains

Question 25

VDJC gene segments on chromosome 14 in humans code for what structure?

Answer 25

the heavy antibody chain

Question 26

What portion of the B cell receptor generates an activation signal inside the B cell?

Answer 26

Ig-Alpha, Ig-Beta

Question 27

Which gene segment humans is there about 40 different variations?

Answer 27

V

Question 28

What receptor on the B cell can bind to a helper T cell which acts as a co-stimulatory signal?

Answer 28

CD40

Question 29

. In order for B cells to activate, they must receive a Th cell co-stimulatory signal. (T/F)

Answer 29

fasle there are T-cell dependant, and T-cell independant pathways

Question 30

Without T cell help, B cells can activate under what conditions.

Answer 30

``` pattern recognition (t cell independent) clustering of B cell receptors ```

Question 31

What cells lives for only a few days, usually goes back to the bone marrow or spleen and can produce up to 2000 antibodies per second?

Answer 31

plasma cell

Question 32

Which MHC class are displayed on virtually all cells?

Answer 32

MHC I

Question 33

Which MHC class have open ends and can display exogenous peptides about 13-25 amino acids in length?

Answer 33

MHC II – exogenous, 13-25 AA

Question 34

.What prevents MHC II molecules from displaying endogenous peptides?

Answer 34

invariant chain

Question 35

In terms of antigen presentation, what cells present loaded MHC II to re-stimulate experienced T cells at the battle site?

Answer 35

activated macrophages

Question 36

What lymphocytes scan MHC I complexes?

Answer 36

killer T cells

Question 37

MHC complexes present antigen to both T and B cells(T/F)

Answer 37

false – t cells and NK cells

Question 38

All antigen presenting cells must be activated before they can function.

Answer 38

true

Question 39

What protein displayed by both activated macrophages and activated dendritic cells acts as a co-stimulatory molecule to amplify the effect of MHC II presentation and binds to the CD28 receptor on the helper T cell?

Answer 39

.B7

Question 40

Activated dendritic cells travel to lymph nodes to present antigen and activate virgin T cells and live for months in the lymph node.

Answer 40

false – lives in lymph node for about a week, rest is true

Question 41

Which antigen presenting cell is capable of concentrating antigen for presentation to T cells?

Answer 41

activated B cells

Question 42

. Which of the following are pattern recognition receptors found on dendritic cells?

Answer 42

Toll-like receptors – also LPS (CD14) receptor, (lipopolysaccaride), scavenger receptor, glucan receptor