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Neuro III > Ear anatomy and embryology > Flashcards

Ear anatomy and embryology Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

What structures make up the external ear

A

auricle (pinna), external acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane

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2
Q

what is the structure of the auricle

A

cartilages (elastic)
depressions
lobule

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3
Q

what are the cartilages that make up the auricle

A

helix tragus and antihelix

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4
Q

what are the depressions that make up the auricle

A

concha, scaphoid fossa

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5
Q

what are the lobules made of in the auricle

A

fibroelastic tissue

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6
Q

what is the blood supply to the external ear

A

posterior auricular a and v

superficial temporal a and v

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7
Q

what inn the external ear

A

great auricular C23 and lesser occipital C23

auriculotemporal from V3 and VII and X

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8
Q

describe lymph drainage from auricle

A

mastoid, parotid lymph to deep cervical lymph

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9
Q

where does the external acoustic travel from and to

A

thru tympanic portion temporal bone to the tympanic membrane

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10
Q

what type of epithelium lines external auditory meatus

A

stratified squamous epi with numerous ceruminous glands

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11
Q

what part of the external acoustic meatus is cartilage? bone?

A

lateral 1/3 cartilage medial 2/3 bony

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12
Q

what is the blood supply of the external acoustic meatus

A

posterior auricular a and v
superficial temporal a and v
deep auricular a

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13
Q

what inn the external acoustic meatus

A

auriculotemporal n V3

vagus n

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14
Q

where does lymph from external acoustic meatus drain to

A

deep cervical lymph

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15
Q

what is otitis externa

A

inflammation of the external ear

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16
Q

what is the function of the TM

A

convert sound waves into vibrations of middle ear ossicles

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17
Q

what is the structure of the TM

A

semitransparent fibroelastic membrane
separates external and middle ear
covered by epidermis externally, mucus membrane internally
directed anteriorly and inferiorly

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18
Q

what is the central concavity called in the TM

A

umbo

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19
Q

what is the superior thin walled portion of TM called

A

pars flaccida

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20
Q

what is the infeiror thick walled part of TM called

A

pars tensa

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21
Q

describe blood supply to TM

A

external by deep auricular branch of maxillary

internal from atnerior tympanic branch of maxillary

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22
Q

what inn the TM

A

external- auriculotemporal n V3 and vagus

internal- IX

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23
Q

What is the aruicle derived from embryologically

A

mesencyme of 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches

and 6 auricular hillocks that fuse

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24
Q

defects of the auricle are common with what type syndromes

A

chromosomal

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25
what is the external auditory meatus derived from
1st pharyngeal cleft | meatal plug forms from proliferation of epithelial cells
26
when does the meatus plug of the external auditory meatus degenerate
7th month
27
What does persistence of the meatal plug cause
deafness
28
what is the TM derived from embryologically
external from 1st pharyngeal cleft middle CT from mesoderm of 1st arch internal from endoderm of 1st pouch
29
What is in the middle ear
tympanic cavity, mucous membrane lined space with petrous portion of temporal bone and auditory ossicles
30
what is the function of the middle ear
transfer sound from gas to liquid medium amplify sound waves protective against loud sounds
31
What is the roof of the tympanic cavity
tegmen tympani, separates epitympanic recess from middle cranial fossa
32
what makes up the floor of tympanic cavity
segment of temporal bone separating middle ear from internal jugular vein
33
what makes up the lateral wall of tympanic cavity
TM
34
What makes up the medial wall of tympanic cavity
bony wall separating middle form inner ear
35
What is the promontory of the medial wall of tympanic cavity
mound of bone created by cochlea
36
What is the oval window
opens to vestibule of inner ear | contacted by stapes that transmits motion
37
what is the round window and function
opens to scala tympani, covered with thin membrane | acts as pressure release valve for fluids of internal ear
38
what makes up the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity
temporal bone
39
what is the aditus ad antrum
entrance to mastoid antrum
40
what is the facial canal in the posterior wall of tympanic cavity
passage for facial n
41
what is mastoiditis
middle ear infection that can spread to mastoid air cells and then spread superiorly into middle cranial fossa
42
What makes the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity
segment of temporal bone separating middle ear from carotid canal
43
what openings are in the anterior wall of tympanic cavity
opening for pharyngotympanic tube and semi canal for tensor tympani
44
what is the pharyngotympanic tube
auditory tube (eustacian tube)
45
what is the function of the auditory tube
balance pressure on external and internal sides of TM
46
what parts of the auditory tube are cartilage or bone
posterolateral third is bony | anteromedial 2/3 cartilaginous
47
what m can open the auditory tube
tensor veli palatini
48
What are the auditory ossicles
malleus, incus and stapes
49
where is the malleus and what does it do
contacts TM making jumbo | vibrates in response to movement of TM
50
where is the incus
body articulates with head of malleus | long limb articulates with stapes
51
where is the stapes and what does it do
the base contacts oval window | vibrations of stapes induced motion of fluid in cochlear duct
52
What are the mm of the middle ear
stapedius and tensor tympani
53
o i inn aciton stapedius
o: posterior wall of tympanic cavity (pyramidal eminence) i: stapes VII SVE dampens movement of ossicles
54
o i inn action tensor tympani
o: cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube i: malleus V3 SVE dampens movements of ossicles
55
what can cause hyperacusis (excessive hearing acuteness)
paralysis of middle ear mm due to loss of dampening
56
what aa supply middle ear
infeiror tympanic from ascending pharyngeal anterior tympanic from maxillary posterior tympanic from stylomastoid superior tympanic from middle meningeal a of pterygoid canal from tubal branches to pharyngotympanic tube
57
where do vv drain middle ear
pterygoid plexus
58
What n supplies GVA GVE-P to middle ear and part of auditory tube
IX, tympanic branch which forms a tympanic plexus on promontory of tympanic cavity
59
the lesser petrosal n coming from tympanic plexus has what info
GVE-P for parotid gland
60
what does CN VII inn in ear
stapedius SVE
61
what branch is given off VII before it exits middle ear
chorda tympani
62
What is otitis media
inflammation of middle ear that is caused by infection from pharynx that traveled in auditory tube
63
What are the tympanic cavity and auditory tube dervied from
1st pharyngeal pouch
64
what are the malleus, incus and tensor tympani m derived from
1st pharyngeal arch
65
what arch are the stapes and stapedius m derived from
second
66
congenital fixation of stapes can lead to what
deafness
67
Where is the internal ear and what is in it
in petrous portion of temporal bone | houses the vestibulocochlear organ
68
what is the bony labyrinth of internal ear
bassage within temporal bone filled with perilymph
69
what is the modiolus of cochlea
central bony core which cochlea spirals 2.5 times
70
what is the spiral ligament of the bony labyrinth of internal ear
anchors cochlear duct to bondy wall of cochlea
71
what is the osseous spiral lamina of the cochlea
anchors cochlear duct to modiolus
72
what is the vestibule of the bony labyrinth
has utricle and saccule | also has vestibular aqueduct which opens near internal acoustic meatus
73
What are the portions of the bony labyrinth of internal ear
cochlea vestibule semicircular ducts
74
What is the membranous labyrinth
membranous ducts contained in bony part, filled with endolymph
75
all portions of membranous labyrinth are inn by what
VIII
76
what are the componenets of the membranous labyrinth
``` endolymphatic duct utricle saccule semicircular ducts cochlear duct ```
77
what is the endolymphatic duct
passes thru vestibular aqueduct and ends as endolymphatic sac maintains volume and composition of endolymphatic fluid
78
what is the function of utricle
responds to horizontal acceleration
79
what is the function of saccule
responds to changes in vertical acceleration
80
what is the function of semicircular ducts
respond to rotation of head
81
what is the organ of hearing
cochlear duct
82
what are the components of the cochlear duct
vestibular membrane- roof basilar membrane- floor spiral organ (organ corti)- hair cells and tectorial membrane
83
what does the vestibular membrane of cochlear duct separate
cochlear duct from scala vestibuli
84
what does the basilar membrane of cochlear duct separate
cochlear duct from scala tympani
85
What does the vestibular portion of VIII inn
utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts
86
what does the cochlear portion of VIII inn
cochlear duct to carry info about sound to brainstem
87
what is the membranous labyrinth derived from
otic placode (ectoderm) to otic pit to otic vesicle
88
what is the bony labyrinth derived from
surrounding mesenchyme

Neuro III (10 decks)

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