Face Scalp Parotid

Question 1

What are the layers of the scalp

Answer 1

Skin
Connective tissue( dense)
Aponeurosis epicranius
Loose CT (plane of cleavage for injury)
Pericardium

Question 2

What nn inn the scalp

Answer 2

Greater occipital dorsal ramus
C3 dorsal ramus
Lesser occipital n
Great auricular n
Auriculotemporal V3
Zygomaticotemporal V2
Supraorbital V1
Supratrochlear V1

Question 3

What aa supply scalp

Answer 3

Occipital, posterior auricular and superficial temporal (all from external carotid)
from internal carotid: supraorbital and supratrochlear a

Question 4

What layer does the vasculature of scalp run in

Answer 4

dense CT

Question 5

Describe venous drainage of scalp

Answer 5

vena comitantes of aa

emissary vv

Question 6

What is clinically important about the scalp venous drainage

Answer 6

emissary vv are valveless so infections can spread from scalp to intracranial cavity

Question 7

What layer of scalp does infections spread in

Answer 7

loose CT layer

can spread in eyelids and dorsum of nose causing ecchymosis

Question 8

what is ecchymosis

Answer 8

extravasation of blood under skin

Question 9

What are the mm of facial expression derived from and inn by

Answer 9

pharyngeal arch 2

in VII SVE

Question 10

What are the mm associated with the eyes and eyebrows

Answer 10

orbital oculi

corrugator supercilli

Question 11

describe the different parts of orbicularis oculi

Answer 11

orbital- forcefully closes eye
palpebral- gently closes eye
lacrimal- lacrimal fluid drainage

Question 12

what is the action of corrugator supercilli

Answer 12

draws eyebrows down and in

worried look

Question 13

What are the mm associated with the scalp/forehead

Answer 13

occiptofrontalis

Question 14

describe the different parts of the occipitofrontalis

Answer 14

frontal and occipital bellies attach to epicranial aponeurosis
frontal belly elevates eyebrows and wrinkles the skin on forehead
occipital belly retracts scalp “surprised look”

Question 15

What are the mm associated with the mouth

Answer 15

orbicularis oris
buccinator
levator labii superioris
levator anguli oris
zygomaticus major
zygomaticus minor
risorius
levator labii superioris alaque nasi
depressor anguli oris
depressor labii inferioris
mentalis

Question 16

what is the action of orbicularis oris

Answer 16

closes lips/mouth

Question 17

what is the action of buccinator

Answer 17

keeps cheek in contact with gums so that food does not accumulate in vestibule of mouth

Question 18

describe action of levator labii superioris

Answer 18

elevate upper lip

Question 19

describe action of levator anguli oris

Answer 19

elevates upper lip and widens mouth

Question 20

what is the action of zygomaticus major

Answer 20

elevates upper lip

smile m

Question 21

what is the action of zygomaticus minor

Answer 21

elevates upper lip

Question 22

what is the action of risorius

Answer 22

stretches lips laterally- wide smile

Question 23

what is the action of levator labii superiors alaeque nasi

Answer 23

elevates upper lip and flares nostrils

Question 24

what is the action of depressor anguli oris

Answer 24

depresses lower lip

frown

Question 25

what is the action of depressor labii inferioris

Answer 25

depresses lower lip | frown and pout

Question 26

what is the action of mentalis

Answer 26

protrudes lower lip

Question 27

What are the mm associated with nose

Answer 27

procerus | nasalis

Question 28

what is the action of procerus

Answer 28

wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose

Question 29

what is the action of nasalis

Answer 29

flares nostrils

Question 30

what is the action of platysma

Answer 30

depress mandible, tenses skin of lower face and neck

Question 31

What is the course of the facial n

Answer 31

exits brainstem and enters the internal acoustic meatus then courses laterally between cochlea and semicircular canals then bends posterioinferiorly to course along the posterior wall of the middle ear

Question 32

What are the branches of facial n

Answer 32

``` posteiror auricular digastric stylohyoid temprofacial trunk cervicofacial trunk ```

Question 33

what are the nn branches off the temprofacial trunk

Answer 33

temporal zygomatic buccal

Question 34

what are the nn branches off the cervicofacial trunk

Answer 34

buccal branches marginal mandibular cervical branches

Question 35

What causes Bells palsy

Answer 35

idiopathic, linked to herpes virus

Question 36

what is bells palsy

Answer 36

paralysis of mm of facial expression, facial asymmetry and drooping

Question 37

the drooping of the eye in bells palsy can cause what

Answer 37

drainage of tears and ulceration of eye

Question 38

what causes the dribbling of saliva from mouth in bells palsy

Answer 38

paralysis of orbicularis oris

Question 39

what causes the accumulation of food in the mouth in bells palsy

Answer 39

loss of buccinator m

Question 40

What supplies cutateous inn to face

Answer 40

all branches of trigeminal | great auricular n C2C3

Question 41

What does the ophthalmic branch supply and its branches

Answer 41

embryonic frontonasal prominence- skin of forehead, upper eyelid and nose branches: supratrochlear, supraorbital, lacrimal, infratrochlear, external nasal n

Question 42

What does the Maxiilary branch V2 supply and its branches

Answer 42

embryonic maxillary prominence skin of temporal region upper cheek and lip, lower eyelid, ala of nose branches: zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticofacial, infraorbital

Question 43

What does the Mandibular branch of V3 supply and its branhces

Answer 43

embryonic mandibular prominence skin of lower cheek, lower lip and chin branches: auriculotemporal, buccal and mental

Question 44

what cutaneous area is supplied by the great auricular n

Answer 44

skin over angle of mandible

Question 45

What is trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 45

sensory disorder of V causing excrutiating facial pain

Question 46

What is the cause of trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 46

demyleniation of axons in sensory root of CN V | or compression from superior cerebellar a

Question 47

which areas are most affected by trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 47

V2>V3>v1

Question 48

What are the areas of n blockage for facial/dental surgery

Answer 48

infraorbital- around infraorbital foramen mental- around mental foramen buccal- posterior to 3rd mandibular molar

Question 49

Which type of Herpes affects the trigeminal ganglion

Answer 49

herpes zoster V1

Question 50

What are the main aa to supply face

Answer 50

facial, superficial temporal, maxillary, ophthalmic

Question 51

what gland does the facial a run through

Answer 51

submandibular gland

Question 52

what are the branches of the facial a

Answer 52

infeiror labial superior labial lateral nasal angular

Question 53

what are the branches of superficial temporal a

Answer 53

transverse facial a frontal branches parietal branches

Question 54

What are the branches of the maxillary a

Answer 54

infraorbital buccal mental

Question 55

what are the branches of the ophtalmic a

Answer 55

``` supraorbital supratrochlear lacrimal(lateral palpebral) medial palpebral dorsal nasal ```

Question 56

What are the 2 main vv for drainage of face

Answer 56

retromandibular v | facial v

Question 57

what forms the retromandibular v

Answer 57

superficial temporal and maxillary vv

Question 58

what gland does the retromandiibular run in

Answer 58

substance of parotid gland

Question 59

What v does anterior retromandibular join with

Answer 59

facial to form common facial that drains to internal jugular

Question 60

what v does the posterior retromandibular v join with

Answer 60

posteiror auricular v to form external jugular

Question 61

what plexuses does the facial v communicate with

Answer 61

pterygoid plexus | cavernous sinus via ophtalmic vv

Question 62

What are of face is in danger of infection

Answer 62

central because can travel into skull of deep face via those deep vv communications

Question 63

describe lymph drainage of face

Answer 63

submental, submandibular and parotid lymph nodes | ultimately to deep cervical lymph along internal jugular

Question 64

What is the largest salivary gland

Answer 64

parotid

Question 65

what are the boundaries of the parotid gland

Answer 65

superior- zygomatic arch medial- ramus of mandible, styloid process and assoc mm posterior- external ear inferior- inferior border mandible and posterior belly digastric anterior- posterior border masseter

Question 66

describe the fascia assoc with parotid gland

Answer 66

invested in parotid fascia | derived form investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 67

Describe course of parotid duct

Answer 67

leaves anterior border of gland and crosses masseter | turns around anterior masseter and pierces buccinator to enter oral cavity opposite to 2nd upper molar

Question 68

How do abscesses from the dental origin make it to parotid gland

Answer 68

parotid duct

Question 69

what structures run through parotid duct superficially to deep

Answer 69

facial n retromandibular v external carotid a

Question 70

What is the PAN inn of the parotid gland

Answer 70

preganglionics from IX, tympanic branch which turns into lesser petrosal n postganglionics distributed V3

Question 71

where are the cell bodies for the preganglionics to parotid gland

Answer 71

salivatory nucleus in brainstem

Question 72

where is the target ganglion for the PAN presympathetics

Answer 72

otic ganglion

Question 73

What nn do the PAN postsympatehtics run with

Answer 73

auriculotemporal branch of V3

Question 74

What is the action of PANs on parotid gland

Answer 74

secretomotor, stimulates gland secretion

Question 75

What is the action of SANs on the parotid gland

Answer 75

vasomotor

Question 76

Where is pain carried with from parotiditis

Answer 76

auriculotemporal branch of V3 and great auricular n

Question 77

Describe regions of referred pain from parotiditis

Answer 77

auricle, TMJ and external acoustic meatus

Question 78

What is a sialolith

Answer 78

calcified concreation that can sometimes be found in parotid gland