Ear & Eye Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Anticholinergics for the Eye
A
Drugs:
- Atropine
- Cyclopentolate
- Homatropine
- Tropicamide
- Mydriatics & cycloplegics –> used for exams & surgeries
Side Effects:
- Xerophthalmia
- Photophobia
- Blurred Vision
Contraindications:
- Glaucoma
Nursing:
- Use protective sunglasses
- Risk of falls
2
Q
Topical Anesthesias for the Eye
A
Drugs:
- Proparacaine
- Tetracaine
- short onset of action (1min)
- short duration of action (15min)
- Causes loss of blink reflex –> need to keep the eye closed so it does not become dry & damaged
Nursing:
- Prevent corneal damage –> cover closed eye with patch
3
Q
NSAIDs for the Eye
A
Drugs:
- Ketorolac tromethamine
- Diclofenac sodium
- Bromfenac
Indication:
- Reducing postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery
- Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (pain, burning, itching, photophobia)
Side effects:
- May delay healing process post-op
- May cause corneal damage (erosion, ulcer)
4
Q
Anti-inflammatories for the Eye
A
Drugs:
- Prednisolone
- Dexamethasone
Contraindicated:
- Viral infections
May be used along with antibacterial/antifungals
Nursing
- Monitor for superinfections, impaired wound healing
5
Q
Brimonidine
A
- Alpha 2 Agonist for glaucoma
MOA:
- Decreases the production of aqueous humor & increases outflow
Side Effects:
- Burning
- Stinging
- BV
- HA
- Reddened sclera
- Systemic effects (vasodilation)
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6
Q
Latanoprost
A
- Prostaglandin analog for glaucoma
MOA:
- Vasodilation & increase outflow
Side Effects:
- Increases pigmentation –> turns to brown
- Redness of conjunctiva
- Temporary itching/stinging
- Hypertrichosis
7
Q
Drugs for Otitis Externa
A
- Neomycin/polymyxin/hydrocortisone
- Gentamicin
- Ofloxacin
8
Q
Carbamide Peroxide
A
- Cerumenolytic
Direction:
- Tilt the head side ways
- Place 5-10 drops in the ear
- Do not enter the tip of applicator in the ear canal
- Keep the drops in the ear for several minutes (by keeping head tilted)
- Flush the ear gently, NEVER suction
- Use tid up to 4 days
9
Q
Nursing for the Ear
A
Nursing:
- Check for TM intactness before administering drops (ototoxicity)
- Straighten the ear canal (may be very painful) use an ear wick
- Have patient remain in side-lying position for 5 minutes
- May place a small cotton in ear for 15 min; avoid packing
- For Abx: monitor for super-infections
