Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Medicine I > Ear Infections > Flashcards

Ear Infections Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Most common cause of OE

A
  1. Pseudomonas aeruginose (38%)

2. Staph epidermidis/staph aureus (9%, 8%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

during physical exam, otalgia in OE can be felt where?

A

during palpation of the tragus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Discharge color for OE bacteria

A

Green = pseudomonas

yellow = staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EAC in OE is found to be…

A

erythematous, edematous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of hearing loss is present in OE?

A

conductive if marked swelling or significant discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1st line txs for bacterial OE?

A

if no TM perf: cortisporin otic - 2 abx and CS

If TM perf: floxin otic

Ciprodex suspension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Solution vs suspension for OE

A

suspension is less acidic. Rx when possible (i.e. cortisporin suspension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tx options for fungal OE

A
  1. clean EAC, apply clotramazole 1% BID x 10-14 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can you tell pts to prevent OE?

A
  1. acidify EAC with 2% acetic acid solution, or 50:50 mix of water and white vinegar
  2. dry ear w/ isopropyl alcohol or hair dryer after wetting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who is most at risk for malignant OE?

A
  1. elderly diabetic pts.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Classic findings of malignant OE?

A
  1. red granulation tissue in EAC

2. nocturnal pain and with chewing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What to watch for in malignant OE?

A
  1. involvement of CN 7, which would indicate progressive osteomyelitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you diagnose malignant OE?

A
  1. CT to show bone erosion–distinguishing factor of malignant OE from normal OE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how should a PA treat a pt after diagnosing w/ malignant OE?

A
  1. admit to hospital, C&S of ear discharge

2. IV ciprofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 types of OM?

A
  1. Otitis media w/ effusion
  2. acute otitis media
  3. chronic otitis media
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A pt. enters the clinic w/ recent hx of AOM compaining of decreased hearing and a feeling of ear fullness. Pt. denies pain, appears well, and is afebrile. What is your suspected diagnosis?

A

Otitis media w/ effusion.

-these patients typically have recent AOM and no acute sxs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What would you expect to find on inspection of TM in a patient with OME

A
  1. amber colored fluid behind TM
  2. air-fluid levels and bubbles
  3. retracted TM
  4. Type B tympanogram
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What should you do for a patient w/ persistant unilateral OME?

A
  1. Refer to ENT to rule out nasopharyngeal carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When to refer to ENT w/ OME?

A
  1. fluid or hearing loss > 3 mo

2. children at risk for speech/language/learning problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do you manage OME?

A
  1. watchful waiting or ENT referral for T tube placement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What distinguishes eustachian tube dysfunction from OME?

A
  1. ET dysfunciton has type C tympanogram
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Etiology of ET dysfunction

A
  1. inflammation or blockage resulting in negative middle ear pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Clinical findings of ET dysfunction?

Study These Flashcards
A

retracted TM, prominent bony landmarks.

24
Q

ET dysfunction Tx

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. steroid nasal spray, allergy management, nasal decongestant, T-tube placement.
  2. afrin may help prevent barotrauma
25
What is the peak incidence of AOM?
6-18 mo old.
26
What usually precedes AOM?
viral URI (RSV)
27
3 most common pathogens for AOM
1. strep. pneumoniae (50%) 2. haemophilus influenzae (40%) 3. moraxella catarrhalis (10%)
28
Peds pt. w/ suspected AOM will present w/...
1. ear pain and tugging on ear 2. anorexia and irritability 3. hearing loss/er fullness 4. conjunctivitis due to H. Flu
29
Physical exam findings w/ AOM
1. bulging TM 2. TM erythema 3. Poor mobility of TM
30
criteria for AOM diagnosis in children 6 mo-12 years
Any of the following: 1. moderate/severe TM bulging 2. new otorrhea not due to OE 3. mild TM bulging and either 48 hr ear pain or intense TM erythema
31
When do you treat AOM w/ antibiotics?
1. < 6 mo 2. children with: moderate-severe otalgia otalgia > 48 hrs temp > 102.2 3. < 24 months w/ bilateral AOM
32
1st line Tx for AOM
1. Amoxicillin 90mg/kg/day Q12 hrs x 7-10 days
33
When do you resort to second line treatment for AOM?
1. pt. had amoxicillin w/in 30 days 2. concurrent purulent conjungtivitis 3. recurrent AOM hx 4. penicillin allergy
34
2nd line for AOM
1. Augmentin 90mg/kg (amoxicillin) & 6.4mg/kg clavulanate
35
AOM tx if PCN allergy
1. mild: oral or IM cephalosporins | 2. Serious: macrolides (mycins)
36
Precaution regarding sx treatment of AOM
avoid OTC cough and cold prep in children < 4 yrs
37
What should you tell pts about AOM?
pain and fever should resolve w/ in 3 days hearing loss may take a month to resolve
38
What happens if tx for AOM fails?
after 48-72 hours: | initiate or change abx to augmentin PO or ceftriaxone 50mg/kg IM (QD x 2-3 days)
39
What constitutes recurrent AOM?
1. development of s/s w/in 30 days of successful treatment.
40
How to treat recurrent AOM?
1. < 15 days use ceftriaxone | 2. > 15 days use augmentin
41
When to consider T-Tubes to treat recurrent AOM
3 or more episodes of AOM in 6 months 4 or more episodes of AOM in 12 months
42
common complications of AOM
1. conductive hearing loss 2. TM perf 3. COM 4. tympanosclerosis 5. cholesteatoma 6. mastoiditis 7. acute labrynthitis
43
Type B tympanogram means...
little or no mobility fluid or TM perf
44
Type C tympanogram means...
retracted TM, usually ET dysfunction
45
Pt. complains of hearing loss, fluid draining from ears and vertigo w/ hx of COM. What do you suspect?
1. TM perforation
46
What constitutes COM?
1. drainage from ME for 2 or more weeks and painlessTM perforation
47
Etiology of COM?
recurrent AOM, trauma, cholesteatoma, pseudomonas, MRSA.
48
Tx for COM?
ENT referral
49
On inspection of TM, you notice white plaques on the TM absent any other pathologic features. What is this?
tympanosclerosis due to frequent ME infection
50
What is a cholesteatoma?
abnormal growth of squamous epithelium in middle ear and mastoid. progressively enlarge and destroy ossicles
51
A patient presents w/ post-auricular pain, edema and erythema. There is a mass which appears to be protruding the pinna and fever. what do you suspect?
mastoiditis
52
How do you treat mastoiditis
1. IV abx and mastoidectomy
53
What distinguishes vestibular neuritis from labyrinthitis?
labyrinthitis there is unilateral hearing loss.
54
what is the hypothesized etiology of labyrinthitis?
viral or postviral inflammation of vestibule
55
What sxs do you expect w/ labyrinthitis?
1. acute onset of severe vertigo 2. N/V 3. Unilateral hearing loss 4. no CNS deficits
56
What test confirms labyrinthitis
+ Head Thrust: | cannon maintain visual fixation when head turned to affected side.

Clinical Medicine I (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions