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Clinical Medicine I > Phys Dx: Neuro > Flashcards

Phys Dx: Neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

senses crude touch, pain, temperature

travel from periphery to spinal cord, cross to contralateral side to join brain.

A

Spinothalmic tract

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2
Q

vibration, proprioception, fine touch

travels from periphery to spinal cord, stays on same side until brain stem, then crosses

A

posterior column

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3
Q

spinal injury to spinothalamic tract results in loss of crude touch, pain, temp, where?

A

Contralateral, below injury

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4
Q

sensory cortex injury to spinothalamic tract results in loss of crude touch, pain, temperature where?

A

contralateral below injury

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5
Q

spinal injury to posterior column results in loss of fine touch, vibration, proprioception where?

A

ipsilateral, below injury

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6
Q

sensory cortex injury on the posterior column results in loss of fine touch, vibration proprioception where?

A

contralateral

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7
Q

upper motor neurons originate in the ______ and cross _______ in the medulla

A

precentral gyrus, contralateral

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8
Q

Axons descend from UMN and synapse with _______ at the______, then exit cord to target muscle

A

lower motor neuron, anterior horn

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9
Q

spasticity

hypertonia

hyperreflexia

disuse atrophy

(+) babinski

A

UMN pathology

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10
Q

flaccidity

hypotonia

hyporeflexia

denervation atrophy

(-) babinski

A

LMN pathology

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11
Q

patient drags foot or lifts them high

foot slaps the floor

inability to dorsiflex

A

steppage gait

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12
Q

unilateral steppage gait is caused by…

A

peroneal nerve injury, spinal nerve compression

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13
Q

bilaterall steppage gait is caused by…

A

ALS, charco-marie-tooth, peripheral neuropathy

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14
Q

dragging tow

circumduction of leg

ankles plantar flexed and inverted

+/- leaning to contralateral side to clear affected leg during walking

arm fixed, immobile, held close to side

elbow, wrists, IPs flexed

A

spastic hemiparesis

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15
Q

what causes spastic hemiparesis

A

stroke, corticospinaltract lesions

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16
Q

each leg advanced slowly

thighs cross

stiff gait, short steps

A

scissors gait

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17
Q

where is scissors gait commonly seen?

A

spasticity disorders, cerebral palsy

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18
Q

unsteady gait, wide stance

throwing feet forward and outward

heels touch, then toes with double tap

watch ground

A

sensory ataxia

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19
Q

what causes sensory ataxia?

A

peripheral neuropathy

posterior column damage

loss of proprioception

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20
Q

stooped posture with head, arm, hip, knee flexion

shuffling, short steps

slow to start, picks up speed

decreased arm swing

stiff turns

A

parkinsonian gait

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21
Q

pelvic drop, waddling

A

trendelenburg gait/myopathic gait

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22
Q

what causes trendelenburg gait

A

hip abductor weakness

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23
Q

a unilateral trendelenburg gait is indicative of…

A

spinal nerve compression, superior gluteal nerve injury

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24
Q

bilateral trendelenburg gait is indicative of…

A

muscular dystrophy

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25
inability to maintain upright posture/ (+) rhomberg indicates what?
posterior column disease, neuropathy
26
Abnormal pronator drift indicates what?
unm lesion, possible stroke
27
In heel shin testing, if the heel overshoots the knee or foot oscillates side to side, this indicates...
cerebellar disease
28
abnormal finger-nose test indicates...
dysmetria: intention tremor/MS or cerebellar disease
29
abnormal rapid alternative movements test is called dysdiadokinesia. What is this indicative of?
cerebellar disease
30
Which cranial nerve? head trauma, parkinsons
CN I
31
Which Cranial Nerve? secondary retinal emboli optic neuritis pituitary tumor stroke
CN II
32
which cranial nerve? vertical and horizontal diplopia Ptosis = palsy
CN III
33
Which cranial nerve? vertical diplopia
CN IV
34
Which cranial nerve? trigeminal neuralgia
CN V
35
Which cranial nerve? horizontal diplopia, esotropia
CN VI
36
Which cranial nerve? peripheral = bell's palsy central = cerebral infarct
CN VII
37
Which cranial nerve? disequilibrium, vertigo, nystagmus
CN VIII
38
Which cranial nerve? no gag reflex loss of taste in posterior 1/3
CN IX
39
Which Cranial Nerve? hoarseness, dyspnea, dysarthria, lost gag reflex
CN X
40
Which cranial nerve? trapezius weakness, atrophy, fasciculations scapular winging
CN XI
41
Which cranial nerve? central lesion if tongue deviates away peripheral lesion fi tongue deviates to weak side
CN XII
42
Which cranial nerve produce speech?
CN IX, X, XII
43
sensory exam should take place bilaterally in a dermotomal pattern for...
problem focused visits
44
Name that dermatome... lateral upper arms
C5
45
Name that dermatome... radial forearm and thumb
C6
46
Name that dermatome... Middle finger
C7
47
Name that dermatome... ring and little finger
C8
48
Name that dermatome... Ulnar forearm
T1
49
Name that dermatome... Nipple line
T4
50
Name that dermatome... umbilicus
T10
51
Name that dermatome... Inguinal region
L1
52
Name that dermatome... Anterior proximal thigh
L3
53
Name that dermatome... Knee/medial shin
L4
54
Name that dermatome... Lateral shin, dorsal foot to great toe
L5
55
Name that dermatome... Lateral and plantar foot
S1
56
abnormal body positioning could indicate...
mono or hemiparesis/stroke
57
a static tremor is seen...
at rest
58
A tremor that is seen when affected area attempts to maintain posture
postural tremor
59
a tremor absent at rest, appears with movement
intention tremor
60
intention tremor is seen in...
MS
61
a static tremor is seen in...
parkinsons
62
postural tremor is seen in
hyperthyroid, anxiety, fatigue, essential tremor
63
brief, repetitive twitching present in tourette's syndrome or with medications...
tic
64
twisted posture of large body parts caused by medications or spasmodic torticollis
dystonia twisted tony
65
bizarre, rhythmic, repetitive movements seen in parkinson's, psychosis and with certain mediations
dyskinesias Dis kenny is at the crazy park off his meds,
66
inability to sit still common with antipsychotics and compazine
akathisia "crazy aunt kathy"
67
brief, jerky, rapid and unpredictable movements common in huntington's disease and rheumatic fever
chorea there's no RHEUM for HUNTINGTON to CHOREAGRAPH
68
slow, twisting, writhing movements common in cerebral palsy
athetosis With cerebral palsy you twist slow at the toe
69
rigidity is increased resistance throughout range of motion. cog-wheel rigidity is common in...
parkinson's disease
70
Muscle strength testing... No muscle contraction
grade 0
71
Muscle strength testing... visible contraction, no joint movement
grade 1
72
Muscle strength testing... joint motion, but not against gravity
grade 2
73
Muscle strength testing... movement against gravity only
grade 3
74
Muscle strength testing... movement with some resistance
grade 4
75
Muscle strength testing... full strength, full resistance
grade 5
76
Shoulder abduction nerves...
C5 axillary
77
elbow flexion nerves
C5, C6 musculocutaneous
78
elbow extension nerves
C6, C7 radial
79
wrist extension nerves
C6, C7 radial
80
wrist flexion nerves
C7, C8 median
81
Finger abduction nerves
C8, T1 ulnar
82
thumb opposition nerves
C8, T1 median
83
hip flexion nerves
L2, L3 Femoral
84
Hip extension nerves
L4, L5 Gluteal
85
Knee extension nerves
L3, L4 Femoral
86
Knee flexion nerves
L5, S1 Sciatic
87
ankle dorsiflexion nerves
L4, L5 Peroneal
88
ankle plantar flexion nerves
S1 Plantar
89
DTR +1 =
diminished
90
DTR + 2 =
normal
91
DTR + 3 =
incrased
92
DTR + 4 =
hyperactive, with clonus
93
Hypoactive DTRs weakness atrophy fasciculation this indicates...
spinal nerve root, peripheral nerve diseases
94
Hyperactive DTRs clonus weakness spasticity (+) babinski this indicates...
CNs lesions on descending corticospinal tract
95
Biceps DTR tests...
C5, C6
96
Brachioradialis DTR tests
C5, C6
97
Triceps DTR tests
C6, C7
98
Patella DTR tests
L4
99
Achilles DTR tests
S1
100
normal superficial abdominal reflex...
muscle contraction towards umbilicus
101
abnormal superficial abdominal reflex indicates...
central and peripheral pathology
102
abnormal cremasteric reflex indicates...
UMN, LMN pathology L1, L2 injury Ilioinguinal injury
103
do you draw labs during a sports physical?
no

Clinical Medicine I (25 decks)

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