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Clinical Medicine I > PEDS cardio > Flashcards

PEDS cardio Flashcards

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1
Q

VSD

ASD

PDA

Coarctation of aorta

examples of…

A

acyanotic congenital heart disease

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2
Q

tetralogy of fallot

transposition of great arteries

tricuspid atresia

truncus arteriosus

total anomalous pulmonary venous return

hypoplastic left vent

examples of…

A

cyanotic congenital heart disease

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3
Q

acute rheumatic fever

kawasaki

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

acquired heart disease

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4
Q

poor weight gain, FTT

tachypnea w/ feeding or activity

concerning for…

A

cardiac disease in infants

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5
Q

in older children…

palpitations/CP

syncope

dyspnea on exertion

unexplained HTN

Concerning for…

A

cardiac disease

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6
Q

What grade of murmur comes with a palpable thrill?

A

grade 4

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7
Q

what heart murmur grade is associated with murmur audible with light placement of stethoscope?

A

grade 5

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8
Q

murmur that is heart with stethoscope off chest

A

grade 6

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9
Q

murmur that can often be heard only by cardiologists

A

grade 1

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10
Q

hepatomegaly/ascites indicates what

A

right heart failure

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11
Q

what type of echocardiogram is most commonly used/gold standard?

A

transthoracic echo

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12
Q

no fhx

short systolic murmur

soft, grade 2 or less

normal physical

What type of murmur is this?

A

innocent

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13
Q

fhx of heart disease

holosystolic/diastolic murmur

grade 3-6 murmur

blowing/harsh quality

abnormal pulse, vitals, hepatomegaly, MSK abnormalities

A

pathologic

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14
Q

this murmur is…

age 2-7

musical/vibratory

heard at LLSB

Loudest supine, diminishes with inspiration or sitting

A

still murmur (innocent)

“From 2-7 I can STILL be MUSICAL if I LAY on my LEFT and BREATH DEEP”

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15
Q

this murmur is…

age 3 or older

the most common innocent murmur

soft

upper left sternal border

louder supine

A

pulmonary flow murmur

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16
Q

this murmur…

age 2 or older

musical hum

grade 1-3

heard at R/LUSB

louder in diastole and in sitting position

disappears with head turning or supine

A

venous hum

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17
Q

Most common congenital heart defect

associated with trisomy 21, tetralogy of fallot

A

VSD

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18
Q

presents with…

FTT, poor growth, dyspnea

hepatomegaly

harsh, holosystolic murmur at LLSB

A

VSD

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19
Q

what can you see on EKG for VSD?

A

LVH

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20
Q

VSD tx options

A

wait and see if asymptomatic

Medical diuretic, ace inhibitor, digoxin

surgical: if failing medical, cardiac cath, closure via median sternotomy

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21
Q

defect in closure of foramen ovale ostium secundum

A

ASD

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22
Q

most common right to left shunt

A

ASD

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23
Q

Wide S2 split

midsystolic pulmonary flow ejection murmur at ULSB

24
Q

tx for ASD

Study These Flashcards
A

spontaneous closure

surgical patch if over 6mm

25
continuous machinery murmur wide pulse pressure bounding pulses
PDA
26
Tx for PDA
open: IV prostaglandin E1 close: IV indomethacin
27
common w/ turner syndrome unexplained UE hypertension
coarctation of aorta
28
absent or decreased femoral pulses UE SBP > 20mmhg than LE SBP blowing systolic murmur in back or left axilla
coarctation of aorta
29
Dx of coarctation of aorta
figure 3 sign or inferior rib notching on CXR
30
Tx for coarctation of the aorta
surgery
31
5 Ts are...
``` tetralogy of fallot transposition of great arteries tricuspid atresia truncus arteriosus TAPVR ```
32
RVH VSD Overriding aorta RV outflow stenosis This is...
tetralogy of fallot
33
What is the most common cyanotic CHD?
tetralogy of fallot
34
squatting to relieve dyspnea harsh systolic ejection murmur
"Tet spells" ToF
35
how do you dx ToF?
echo "boot shaped" heart on CXR
36
Tx for ToF
tet spells: O2, knee to chest surgical repair by age 1
37
profoundly cyonotic neonate no respiratory distress or murmur
transposition of great arteries
38
Dx for transposition of great arteries
echo CXR showing "egg on a string"
39
Tx for transposition of great arteries
Prostaglandin E1 to keep PDA cardiac cath surgery at age 4-7 days
40
central cyanosis at birth S2 only heart sound FTT tachypnea exhaustion during feeding
tricuspid atresia
41
tx for tricuspid atresia
initial: PGE1 to maintain PDA definitive: surgery
42
VSD poor feeding, lethargy loud, narrow S2 split ejection click systolic ejection murmur at LLSB
truncus arteriosus
43
hypoplasia of LV mild cyanosis while PDA rapid shock when ductus arteriosus closes
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
44
Tx for hypoplastic left heart syndrome
PGE1 to maintain PDA staged surgeries
45
commonly causes at ASD/VSD, ToF, PDA
trisomy 21
46
commonly causes bicuspid aortic valve, VSD, ASD, CoA, dialated aortic root, HTN
Turner Syndrome
47
common cause of VSD/ASD
fetal alcohol syndrome
48
common cause of PDA, pulmonary stenosis
maternal rubella
49
pancarditis appears after GAS infx
acute rheumatic fever
50
tx of acute rheumatic fever
CS or aspirin abx HF mgmt
51
Fever greater than 5 days ``` Conjunctivitis Rash erythema palms/soles Adenopathy Mucous membrane (strawberry tongue) ```
Kawasaki
52
complications of kawasaki
coronary artery aneurysm
53
leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young people familial autosomal dominant inheritance
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
54
dx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
echo, ekg, audible S4
55
severe cyanosis respiratory distress CHF pulmonary veins draining in the venous system
total anomalous pulmonary venous return Tx with surgery

Clinical Medicine I (25 decks)

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