EAR, NOSE AND THROAT Flashcards
(36 cards)
1
Q
OTITIS EXTERNA (SWIMMERS EAR) - DEFINITION
A
Infection of outer ear canal, which runs from eardrum to outside of head
2
Q
OTITIS EXTERNA (SWIMMERS EAR) - CAUSE
A
Usually caused by bacteria
3
Q
OTITIS EXTERNA (SWIMMERS EAR) - POPULATION AFFECTED
A
Anyone can get it - most common in children
4
Q
OTITIS EXTERNA (SWIMMERS EAR) - RISK FACTORS
A
- Excessive moisture in ear canal
- Exposure to high bacteria levels
- Cleaning ear canal (e.g., with cotton swabs
- Ear devices (e.g., ear buds, hearing aids)
5
Q
OTITIS EXTERNA (SWIMMERS EAR) - CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A
- Usually mild unless not treated
- Mild- itching in ear canal, redness inside ear, mild discomfort that’s made worse by pulling on outer ear, some drainage of clear, odourless fluid
- Moderate- more-intense itching, inc P, more-extensive redness, excessive fluid damage, decreased or muffled hearing, feeling of fullness in ear
- Advanced- severe P that may radiate to your face or neck, complete blockage of ear canal, redness or swelling of outer ear, swelling in lymph node in neck, fever
6
Q
OTITIS EXTERNA (SWIMMERS EAR) - PROGNOSIS
A
- Usually treated with ear drops
- Prompt treatment can prevent complications and more serious infections
7
Q
OTITIS MEDIA - DEFINITION
A
- Infection of the middle ear
- Air-filled space behind eardrum that contains vibrating bones in ear
8
Q
OTITIS MEDIA - CAUSE
A
- Bacteria or virus
- Often results from another illness- e.g., cold, flu or allergy- that causes congestion and swelling in nasal passages, throat and eustachian (narrow tubes that run from middle ear to high in back of throat
9
Q
OTITIS MEDIA - POPULATION AFFECTED
A
Children
10
Q
OTITIS MEDIA - RISK FACTORS
A
- Age- children between 6 months and 2 years
- Infant feeding
- Seasonal factors
- Poor air quality
- Cleft palate- difference in bone structure and muscles in children, makes it more difficult for eustachian tube to drain
11
Q
OTITIS MEDIA - CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A
- Onset usually rapid
- Children
o Ear P, especially when lying down
o Trouble sleeping
o Trouble hearing or responding to sounds
o Loss of balance
o Drainage of fluid from ear
o Headache - Adults
o Ear P
o Drainage of fluid from ear
o Trouble hearing
12
Q
OTITIS MEDIA - PROGNOSIS
A
- Often clear up on own
- Treatment may begin with managing P and monitoring problem
- Sometimes ABs used to clear infection
13
Q
EARDRUM PERFORATION INFECTION - DEFINITION
A
- Aka ruptured ear drum
- Hole or tear in thin tissue that separates ear canal from middle ear
14
Q
EARDRUM PERFORATION INFECTION - CAUSE
A
- Otitis media- often results from accumulation of fluids in middle of ear. Pressure from these fluids can cause eardrum to rupture
- Barotrauma- stress extended on ear drum when air pressure in middle ear and air pressure in enviro are not equal, if pressure is severe rupture can happen
- Acoustic trauma/loud sound
- Foreign objects in ear
- Severe head trauma
15
Q
EARDRUM PERFORATION INFECTION - POPULATION AFFECTED
A
Anyone
16
Q
EARDRUM PERFORATION INFECTION - RISK FACTORS
A
- Head trauma
- Loud music
- Changes in pressure- e.g., from flying
17
Q
EARDRUM PERFORATION INFECTION - CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A
- Ear P that may subside suddenly
- Mucus like, pus-filled or bloody drainage of ear
- Hearing loss
- Tinnitus
- Vertigo
- Nausea or vomiting as result of vertigo
18
Q
EARDRUM PERFORATION INFECTION - PROGNOSIS
A
- Can result in hearing loss
- Makes middle ear vulnerable to infection- due to bacteria easily being able to enter
- Usually heals within few weeks without treatment, sometimes requires a patch or surgical repair
19
Q
RAMSAY HUNT SYNDROME - DEFINITION
A
Occurs when shingles outbreak affects facial nerve near one of your ears
20
Q
RAMSAY HUNT SYNDROME - CAUSE
A
- Varicella-zoster virus which causes chickenpox
- After chicken pox clears up, virus still lived in nerves
- Years later, it may be reactive
- When it does, facial nerves are affected
21
Q
RAMSAY HUNT SYNDROME - POPULATION AFFECTED
A
- More common in adults older than 60
- Rare in children
22
Q
RAMSAY HUNT SYNDROME - RISK FACTORS
A
- Isn’t contagious
- Can be serious in people with immune problems
- Until rash blisters scab over, avoid physical contact with
1. Anyone who has never had chickenpox/vaccine
2. Weak immune system
3. New-borns
4. Pregnant women
23
Q
RAMSAY HUNT SYNDROME - CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A
- Two main symptoms
1. Painful red rash with fluid-filled blisters on/in around ear
2. Facial weakness or paralysis on same side as affected ear - Usually occur at same time
- Ear P
- Hearing loss
- Tinnitus
- Difficulty closing one eye
- Change in taste perception
24
Q
RAMSAY HUNT SYNDROME - PROGNOSIS
A
- Can cause facial paralysis and hearing loss in affected ear
- prompt treatment can reduce risk of complications, which can include permanent facial muscle weakness and deafness
25
NON-ONTOLOGICAL - TMJ DYSFUNCTION - DEFINITION
TMJ dysfunction occurs when the muscles and ligaments around your jaw joints become inflamed or irritated. The condition may be acute or chronic, and the resulting pain may be mild or severe
26
NON-ONTOLOGICAL - TMJ DYSFUNCTION - CAUSE
* The disk erodes or moves out of its proper alignment
* The joint's cartilage is damaged by arthritis
* The joint is damaged by a blow or other impact
In many cases, however, the cause of TMJ disorders isn't clear.
27
NON-ONTOLOGICAL - TMJ DYSFUNCTION - POPULATION AFFECTED
Older people
28
NON-ONTOLOGICAL - TMJ DYSFUNCTION - RISK FACTORS
* Various types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
* Jaw injury
* Long-term (chronic) grinding or clenching of teeth
* Certain connective tissue diseases that cause problems that may affect the temporomandibular joint
29
NON-ONTOLOGICAL - TMJ DYSFUNCTION - CLINICAL PRESENTATION
* Pain or tenderness of your jaw
* Pain in one or both of the temporomandibular joints
* Aching pain in and around your ear
* Difficulty chewing or pain while chewing
* Aching facial pain
* Locking of the joint, making it difficult to open or close your mouth
30
NON-ONTOLOGICAL - TMJ DYSFUNCTION - PROGNOSIS
In most cases, the pain and discomfort associated with TMJ disorders is temporary and can be relieved with self-managed care or nonsurgical treatments
31
NON-ONTOLOGICAL - TONSILLITIS - DEFINITION
Tonsillitis occurs when your tonsils become infected
32
NON-ONTOLOGICAL - TONSILLITIS - CAUSE
- Can be caused by a bacteria or virus
* Viral tonsillitis: Viruses like colds and flus (influenza) cause up to 70% of tonsillitis cases.
* Bacterial tonsillitis (strep throat): Bacteria, such as Group A Streptococcus, cause other cases of tonsillitis. Bacterial tonsillitis is commonly called strep throat. People without tonsils can still get strep throat.
33
NON-ONTOLOGICAL - TONSILLITIS - POPULATION AFFECTED
Tonsillitis is most common in children, but it can affect people of all ages. Tonsillitis rarely occurs in children under the age of three.
34
NON-ONTOLOGICAL - TONSILLITIS - RISK FACTORS
* Young age. Tonsillitis most often affects children, and tonsillitis caused by bacteria is most common in children ages 5 to 15.
* Frequent exposure to germs. School-age children are in close contact with their peers and frequently exposed to viruses or bacteria that can cause tonsillitis.
35
NON-ONTOLOGICAL - TONSILLITIS - CLINICAL PRESENTATION
* Sore or scratchy throat.
* Pain or difficulty swallowing.
* Red, swollen tonsils and throat.
* Whitish spots on your tonsils — or a white, yellow or gray coating on your tonsils.
* Fever above 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius).
* Swollen lymph nodes (glands on the sides of your neck below your ears).
* Stomachache or vomiting (more common in younger children).
36
NON-ONTOLOGICAL - TONSILLITIS - PROGNOSIS
