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Anatomy and Radiology - Test 1 > Early Embryology > Flashcards

Early Embryology Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Zygote

A

Original thing formed after fertilization

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2
Q

Morula

A

Blastomere at 16 cell stage that forms compact ball of cells

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3
Q

Inner cell mass

A

Forms embryo and contributes to fetal membranes (amniotic and part of chorionic)

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4
Q

Outer cell mass

A

Contributes to fetal members (placenta and umbilical cord)

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5
Q

Zona Pellucida

A

Surrounds blastmere and helps maintain the integrity of the cells

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6
Q

Days 1-5

A

Morula forms and zona pellucida is destroyed by enzymes from the outer cell mass

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7
Q

Blastocyst

A

Cells of morula secrete fluid to push inner cell mass to one side
Results in formation of blastocyst cavity
Embryo plants in wall of uterus

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8
Q

Embryoblast

A

Inner cell mass at one end of blastocyst

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9
Q

Trophoblast

A

Lines blastocyst cavity and contributes to placenta

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10
Q

Cytotrophoblast

A

Cellular inner layer lining blastocyst cavity

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11
Q

Syncytiotrophoblast

A

Invasive multinucleated cells that invade uterine endometrium to allow blastocyst to implant in uterus

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12
Q

Important hormone

A

HCG - human chorionic gonadotropin secreted by syncytiotrophoblast
Tells corpus luterm to secrete progesterone

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13
Q

Embryoblast differentiates into

A

Epiblast and hypoblast

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14
Q

Epiblast

A

Adjacent to embryonic pole of blastocyst

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15
Q

Hypoblast

A

Cells adjacent to cavity

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16
Q

When embryoblast differentiates, it forms a

A

Bilaminar disc

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17
Q

How is amniotic cavity formed?

A

Migration of epiblast cells

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18
Q

Amnion

A

Cells lining amniotic cavity

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19
Q

How is yolk sac formed?

A

Migration of hypoblast cells

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20
Q

Exocoelomic membrane

A

Formed from hypoblast cells and surrounds the primitive yolk sac

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21
Q

Lacunae

A

Spaces appearing in the embryonic pole of the syncytiotrophoblast and begin to connect to intact uterine vessels to form circulation

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22
Q

Extraembryonic mesoderm and derived from

A

Derived from exocoelomic membrane
Found in between exocoeleomic membrane and cytotrophoblast layer
Totally separates embryo proper from amniotic cavity and yolk sac

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23
Q

Isolated spaces

A

Formed when extraembryonic mesoderm begins to die

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24
Q

Chorionic cavity

A

Isolated spaces in the extraembryonic mesoderm coalesce to form one large space surrounding the mebryo proper, amnion, and primitive yolk sac

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25
Connecting stalk and what does it form?
Portion of the extraembryonic mesoderm that connects embryo to the chorion Becomes umbilical cord
26
Chorion comprised of what and what does it become?
Extraembryonic mesoderm and cytotrophoblast | Becomes fetal component of placenta
27
Secondary/definitive yolk sac formed by
second wave of cells from hyopblast migrate inside exocoelomic membrane to form yolk sac
28
Buccopharyngeal membrane
Formed between hypo and epi layer near head | Forms mouth
29
Cloacal mebrane
Becomes anal opening
30
Primary villi formed from
Cytotrophoblast cells that begin to invade the syncytiotrophoblast
31
Gastrulation
Formation of three germ layers
32
Primitive streak
At cadual end | Caused by migrating epiblast cells invaginating into the hypoblast layer
33
Primitive pit/primitive node
Rostral streak of primitive pit
34
Primitive streak appears as
Depression in the midline of the epiblast cell layer
35
Endoderm cells and what they develop to
Epiblast cells that migrate through primitive streak and replace hypoblast cells Become linings of digestive, resp, urogen, and phyrangeal pouches of head and eck
36
Mesoderm cells and what they develop to
Migrate through primitive streak and sandwich between endoderm and ecotderm layers Become skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle, most cartilage and bone, dermis of skin, portion of kidneys and gonads
37
Mesoderm layer also called
Intraembryonic mesoderm
38
Notochord
Midline specialized cells in the region of the endoderm and mesoderm
39
Ectoderm cells
Remaining epiblast cells once mesoderm and endoderm cells have migrated through Develop into nervous system and epidermis
40
All germ layers derived from
Epiblast
41
Direction of epiblast migration
The more caudal the cells, the more laterally they move | Caudal cells form more lateral structures while cells from the node form more midline structures
42
What layer doesn't exist at body cavities?
Mesoderm
43
Notochord, what it forms and what are remnants
Basis of vertebral column Mesoderm cells between ecto and endo layers that migrate in cephalic direction Induces CNS Nucleus pulposus
44
Prechordal plate
Head organizer
45
Neurulation
Results in formation of primitive nervous system
46
Mechanism of neurulation
Notochord secretes inducing factors which cause the overlying ectoderm to proliferate and thicken into the neural plate Begins at cranial end
47
why does Neural groove form?
Forms in midline due to proliferation of cells on lateral edge of neural plate
48
Neural folds
Continued overgrowth of neural plate results in the neuroectoderm becoming more elevated along laterla margins
49
Neural crest cells
At the crest of neural folds...will eventually migrate from neural ectoderm to deeper mesoderm
50
Nerual tube formation
Neural folds approach one another and fuse in the region of the future neck...grow toward both ends
51
Anterior and posterior neuropores
Cranial and caudal ends of the neural tube still open to the amniotic cavity
52
Exencephaly and other name
Failure of anterior neuropore to close | Cranioschisis
53
Spina bifida
Failure of posterior to close
54
Spina bifida oculta
Absense of portion of the vertebral arch and is covered by skin...midline patch of hair
55
Spina bifida cystica
More severe...meninges or spinal cord protrude through skin
56
Meningomyelocele vs. meningocele
Meningomyelocele - Both spinal cord and meninges protude | Meningocele - only the meninges are protruding
57
Mesoderm specializes into
Paraxial Intermediate Lateral phase
58
Paraxial mesoderm
Most medial | Create somites
59
Intermediate mesoderm
Least extensively developed | Becomes parts of urogenital system
60
Lateral mesoderm and splits
Somatic (parietal) portion in contact with ectoderm | Splanchnic (visceral) portion in contact with endoderm
61
Somatic mesoderm becomes
Serosa of body cavities and long bones and connective tissue of body wall
62
Splanchnic mesoderm becomes
Smooth muscle of GI and serosa of superfical surfaces of organs
63
Intraembryonic coelom
Located between somatic and splanchnic mesoderms | Continuous with extraembryonic coelem (chorionic cavity)
64
What forces transverse folding?
Overgroth of paraxial mesoderm and nervous system
65
When does mesoderm split?
During transverse folding
66
Yolk sac becomes
Foregut, midgut, hindgut
67
Longitudinal folding caused by
Rapid growth of neural plate at both ends | Moves the heart and septum transversum to the caudal side of the body
68
What becomes digestive system?
Part of yolk sac closest to the embryo
69
Foregut
Lower respiratory system, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and initial part of duodenum
70
Midgut
Remainder of small intestine, much of large
71
Hindgut
Becomes rectum, anal canal, and portion of urogenital
72
Allantois
Caudal extension of hindgut that extends into connecting stalk
73
Decidual rection
Uterine cells fill with lipids and glycogen at implantation site
74
Primary chorionic villi
Formed by pegs of cytotrophoblast cells that protrude into the syncytiotrophoblast
75
Secondary villi
When the extraembryonic mesoderm invades the core of the cytotrophoblast
76
Embryonic vessels form from
Mesodermal cells within cytotrophoblasts pegs of tissue
77
Tertiary or stem villi
Villi with capillary networks
78
Intervillous space
Where maternal blood pools
79
Last thing for cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
Syncytiotrophoblast surrounds lacunae to form intervillous spaces Cytotrophoblast becomes continuous superficially with syncytiotrophoblast...anchors chorion to the decidue basalis of uterus
80
Splanchnic mesoderm replaces _______ as folding occurs
Extraembryonic mesoderm on the superficial surface of the endoderm-lined yolk sac

Anatomy and Radiology - Test 1 (21 decks)

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