Skin, Joints, and Introduction to Surface Anatomy

Question 1

Dorsal

Answer 1

Top

Question 2

Plantar

Answer 2

Bottom of foot

Question 3

Palmar

Answer 3

Palm of hand

Question 4

Sagittal plane

Answer 4

Divides body into right and left sides

Question 5

Other names for sagittal plane

Answer 5

Median
Midsaggital
Parasagittal (if off to one side)

Question 6

Coronal plane and other name

Answer 6

Divides into anterior and posterior

Frontal plane

Question 7

Transverse plane and other names

Answer 7

Superior and inferior parts

Axial, horizontal, cross-sectional

Question 8

Functions of skin

Answer 8

Protection from external environment
Containment from body structures
Thermoregulation
Sensation
Synthesis and storage of vitamin D

Question 9

Skin is composed of

Answer 9

Epidermis and Dermis

Question 10

Epidermis made of

Answer 10

superficial cellular layer

Question 11

Dermis made of

Answer 11

Deeper connective tissue layer

Question 12

Is epidermis vascular?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Where is epidermis thickest?

Answer 13

Palms and heels

Question 14

______ terminate in epidermis’s deepest layers

Answer 14

Sensory nerves

Question 15

Epidermis follows contours of ______

Answer 15

dermis

Question 16

Epidermis derivatives

Answer 16

Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Hair
Nails

Question 17

Does dermis contain any epidermal derivatives?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

____ and ____ are present in dermis

Answer 18

Blood vessels and nerves

Question 19

Layer beneath dermis

Answer 19

Superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue)

Question 20

Superficial fascia made of mostly

Answer 20

adipose tissue

Question 21

Which layer will vary most from person to person?

Answer 21

Superficial fascia

Question 22

Which layers do not contain epidermal derivativies?

Answer 22

None…they all contain them

Question 23

Four types of connective tissues

Answer 23

Coverings
Tendons
Ligaments
Aponeuroses

Question 24

Tendons

Answer 24

Connect muscle to bone

Question 25

Ligaments

Answer 25

Connect bone to bone

Question 26

Aponeuroses

Answer 26

Layers of flat, broad, tissues

Question 27

Layers of superficial fascia

Answer 27

Membranous and fatty

Question 28

Deep (investing fascia)

Answer 28

Lies deep to superficial fascia and covers the muslces

Question 29

What separates deep and superficial fascia

Answer 29

Fascial cleft (plane) that allows for two layers to glide on each other

Question 30

Intermuscular septum

Answer 30

Extensions of deep fascia that attach to bone | Area where lots of vessels and nerves located

Question 31

Deep fascia composition

Answer 31

Membranous

Question 32

Subserous compostion

Answer 32

Membranous and fatty

Question 33

Subserous fascia

Answer 33

Present in thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities | Supporting tissue for serous membrane that protect visceral organs of body cavities

Question 34

Tension lines indicate

Answer 34

Primary direction of collagen fibers in the DERMIS

Question 35

How to cut with tension lines?

Answer 35

Cut parallel to tension lines

Question 36

Where should sutures extend into and why?

Answer 36

Dermis b/c it is the vascular layer

Question 37

Blanching

Answer 37

Decreases blood supply and prevents healing, worsens scar formation, and increases risk for infectiojn

Question 38

3 types of joints

Answer 38

Diarthrosis (synovial) Cartilaginous Synarthosis (fibrous)

Question 39

Diarthrosis

Answer 39

Allows movement at joint and relatively unstable

Question 40

Cartilaginous Joiunt

Answer 40

Slightly movable | Spine

Question 41

Synarthrosis

Answer 41

Very little or no movement | Skull sutures

Question 42

Parts of synovial joint

Answer 42

``` Joint Capsule Articular cartilege Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Collateral ligament Intra-articular ligaments/discs Blood vessels Nerves ```

Question 43

Joint capsule

Answer 43

Collection of dense, fibrous connective tissue that surrounds entire joint Connects bones on one side to bones on the other

Question 44

Articular cartilage

Answer 44

Covers the surfaces of the bones

Question 45

Synovial membrane

Answer 45

Secretes synovial fluid | Covers non-articulating surfaces on the internal side of the joint capsule

Question 46

Collateral ligaments

Answer 46

May be no more than thickenings of the joint capsule or may be ligaments external to the joint capsule that reinforce and add strength to the capsule

Question 47

Intra-articular ligaments/discs

Answer 47

Internal ligaments that reinforce the joint or fibrocartilaginous structures that deepen the articulation and help to guide the movement associated with the joint Provide strenght or deepen the socket

Question 48

Blood vssels

Answer 48

All joints receive multiple blood supplies from any artery that passes by the joint.

Question 49

_____ part of joint does not receive a blood supply

Answer 49

Articular cartilage

Question 50

Nerves

Answer 50

Nerves that cross the joint send branches to innervate the joint

Question 51

Arthrocentesis

Answer 51

Removal of fluid out of a joint using a sterile needle

Question 52

Reasons for arthrocentesis

Answer 52

Find out why a joint is painful, swollen, or fluid filled Drain fluid out of a swollen joint to decrease pain or increase mobility Diagnose specific type of arthritis Confirm diagnosis of infection Check for crystals in joint fluid which could mean gout

Question 53

C7 spinous process

Answer 53

Lump on the back of the neck

Question 54

Are veins or arteries deeper?

Answer 54

Arteries