Vertebral Column, Stability and Movement

Question 1

Parts of a typical vertebrae

Answer 1

Body
Pedicle
Lamina
Vertebral foramen
Articulating process
Spinous process
Transverse process

Question 2

What makes up vertebral arch?

Answer 2

Pedicle and lamina

Question 3

What is spinal canal formed from

Answer 3

Vertebral foramen together

Question 4

What rests in spinal canal?

Answer 4

Spinal cord

Question 5

Articulating processes form what kind of joint?

Answer 5

Synovial

Question 6

Purpose of spinous process

Answer 6

Muscle attachment

Question 7

Purpose of transverse process

Answer 7

Muscle and ligament attachment

Question 8

General function of all processes

Answer 8

Movement

Question 9

What makes C1 unique

Answer 9

No body
anterior and posterior arches
Larger superior articulating processes that articulate iwht occipital condyles

Question 10

What makes C2 unique?

Answer 10

Dens

Question 11

C1 and C2 attachment

Answer 11

C2 dens attaches to anterior arch of C1

Question 12

Cervical features

Answer 12

Transverse foramina
Small, bean shaped, body
Short, spinous process

Question 13

Thoracic features

Answer 13

Articular facets for ribs
Heart shaped body
Elongated, posterio-inferior sloping spinous process

Question 14

Lumbar features

Answer 14

Large, bean shaped body

Shortened, squared and posteriorly projecting spinous process

Question 15

Size increases as you move which direction along spinal cord?

Answer 15

Down

Question 16

2 notches on thoracic vertebrae

Answer 16

Superior intervertebral notch

Inferior intervertebral notch

Question 17

Notches of thoracic form

Answer 17

Intervertebral foramen

Question 18

Intervertebral foramen is…

Answer 18

Where spinal nerves exit spinal canal

Question 19

Which types of joints does vertebral column have?

Answer 19

Cartilaginous joints at IV discs

Synovial joins between the superior and inferior articulating processes

Question 20

Synovial joints of the spinal column called

Answer 20

Zygapophyseal joins

Question 21

Intervertebral disc composed of

Answer 21

Anulus fibrosus - a series of concentric lamellae of connective tissue AND
Nucleus pulposis - fluid filled center

Question 22

Nucleus pulposus acts as

Answer 22

Shock absorber

Question 23

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 23

Anterior of vertebral bodies

Checks extensions

Question 24

Where is anterior longitudinal ligament renamed and to what?

Answer 24

Between C1 and C2 - atlantoaxial ligament

Between C1 and occipital - Anterior atlantaoccipital ligament

Question 25

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 25

Narrower than Anterior | Checks flexion

Question 26

Where is posterior longitudinal ligament renamed?

Answer 26

C2 - tectorial ligament

Question 27

Lateral herniation presses on

Answer 27

Spinal nerve

Question 28

Central herniation presses on

Answer 28

Spinal cord or nerve fibers below spinal cord

Question 29

Ligamentum flavum

Answer 29

Connects adjacent laminae and checks flexion of vertebral column

Question 30

Where is ligamentum flavum renamed?

Answer 30

Between C1 and C2 - posterior atlantoaxial ligament | Between C1 and occipital - Posterior atlantaoccipital ligament

Question 31

Interspinous ligaments

Answer 31

Connect adjacent spinous processes and check flexion

Question 32

Supraspinous ligaments

Answer 32

Superficial portion of interspinous ligaments | Checks flexion

Question 33

Nuchael ligament

Answer 33

Supraspinous ligament as it thickens in the cervical level

Question 34

Functions of vertebral column

Answer 34

Protect spinal cord and nerves Support weight Rigid and flexible axis Posture and locomotion

Question 35

How many of each vertebrae?

Answer 35

C - 7 T - 12 L - 5 S - 5

Question 36

Kyphotic

Answer 36

Primary curvatures Thoracic and sacral Concaver forward

Question 37

Lordosic

Answer 37

Cervial and Lumbar | Concave backward

Question 38

Movements of vertebral column

Answer 38

Amplified by sum of all small movements

Question 39

Stable fracture

Answer 39

No spinal deformity or neurologic problems

Question 40

Unstable fracutre

Answer 40

Difficult for spine to carry or distribute weight...can progress and cause further damage

Question 41

Function of trapezious, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor

Answer 41

Upper limb

Question 42

Function of serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior

Answer 42

Assists in holding epaxial muscles Propioception Respiration

Question 43

Superficial back muscles (except trapezius) innervated by

Answer 43

Ventral primary rami of spinal nerves

Question 44

Trapezius innervated by

Answer 44

CN XI

Question 45

Intrinsic muscles of the back

Answer 45

Extend the vertebral column and cause lateral flexion...can also assist in flexion and rotation of the vertebral column Epaxial

Question 46

Intrinsic back muscles innervated by

Answer 46

Dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

Question 47

Superficial intrinsic back muscles

Answer 47

Spinotransverse group Splenius capitis Splenius cervicis Helps to rotate and extend head

Question 48

Intermediate intrinsic back muscles

Answer 48

Erector spinae

Question 49

Parts and function of erector spinae

Answer 49

Ilicostalis Longissimus Spinalis Vertebral column and head extension...lateral flexion

Question 50

Deep intrinsic back muscles

Answer 50

``` Transversospinal group Semispinalis capitis - 6-8 Semispinalis cervicis - 6-8 Multifudus - 3-5 Rotators - 1-2 ```

Question 51

Where are each type best seen and order in terms of deepness

Answer 51

Multifudus - Lumbar Rotators - thoracic Multifudus above rotators

Question 52

Minor deep back muscles and functions

Answer 52

Interspinales - attach between adjacent spinous processes Intertransversarii - attach between adjacent transverse processes Leavotres Costarum - attach from transverse process to ribs

Question 53

Suboccipital muscles and function

Answer 53

``` Obliquus capitis inferior Obliquus capitis superior Rectus capitis posterior major Rectus capitis posterior mino Movement of head and proprioception ```

Question 54

Which make up suboccipial triangle?

Answer 54

Obliquus capitis inferior Obliquus capitis superior Rectus capitis posterior major

Question 55

What is suboccipital triangle?

Answer 55

Where vertebral artery passes through

Question 56

What are suboccipital muscles innervated by?

Answer 56

Suboccipital nerve

Question 57

Greater occipital nerve passes through what and what is function?

Answer 57

Passes through the semispinalis capitis muscle to innervate skin over back of the head

Question 58

Action of paradox

Answer 58

Epaxial muscles also play role in controlling flexion of the trunk by their controlled gradual relaxation during flexion

Question 59

Vertebra porminens

Answer 59

C7 - first big bump

Question 60

Contraction of spinotransverse group

Answer 60

Unilateral - rotation of head to ipsilateral side | Bilateral - extension of head

Question 61

Muscles of erector spinae starting laterall

Answer 61

Iliocostalis, Longissumus, spinalis

Question 62

Contraction of erector spinae

Answer 62

Bilateral - extends vertebral column and head | Unilateral - Lateral flexion of vertebral column

Question 63

Suboccipital purpose

Answer 63

Head movement and propioception

Question 64

Vertebral artery path

Answer 64

Through transverse foramen of cervical and through foramen magnum of the skull

Question 65

Occipital neuralgia caused by

Answer 65

compression of greater occipital nerve

Question 66

Greater occipital nerve passes through

Answer 66

semispinalis capitis