Early hominins

Question 1

Australopithecus anamensis

Answer 1

East Africa
4.2- 3.8 Mya
Skeletal features - Cranium is ape like, receding chin, cranial capacity 363-370 cc.
Locomotion - tibia indicates bipedalism
Diet - leaves and fruits
No tool use

Question 2

Australopithecus afarensis

Answer 2

East Africa
3.6 - 2.5 Mya
Skeletal - Prognathism, flared cheeks, small canine and thick enamel molars, no sagittal crest, not sexual dimorphism
Cranial capacity - 390-515 cc
Mixed bipedal and arboreal
Hard plant foods
Possible tools

Question 3

Australopithecus Africanus

Answer 3

South Africa
3.2 - 2 mya
Same as Afarensis
Cranial - 440 cc

Question 4

Kenyanthropus Platyops

Answer 4

East Africa
3.3-3.2 Mya
450 cc
Plant foods
bipedal
no tools

Question 5

Paranthropus robustus

Answer 5

South Africa
1.8-1.2 Mya
Skeletal - Wide disk shaped face, flared cheeks, big molars, sagittal crest pronounced, sexually dimorphic
Cranial - 450-475 cc
Bipedal
Fibrous foods
Bone tools

Question 6

Paranthropus Boisei

Answer 6

East Africa
2.5-1.15 mya
Skeletal - robust of parathropus genus
Dimorphic
Cranial 450-550 cc
Bipedal
Grasses and tubers diet
Stone tools maybe

Question 7

Homo Rudolfensis

Answer 7

East Africa
1.9 Mya
Skeletal - long flat face, large molar, jaw not as robust, no sagittal crest, sexual dimorphic
Cranial - 750 cc
Meat diet

Question 8

Homo habilis

Answer 8

East AFRICA
Skeletal - small face, smaller molar, long arms
500-900cc
bipedal
Meat and fruit
stone

Question 9

Homo ergaster

Answer 9

East Africa
1.9-1.5 Mya
Skeletal - modern, tall and slender
Cranial - 860
Bipedal
Diet of meat and plant tubbers
Stone tools
First to expand beyond Africa
Very tall for walking and running
broad pelvis
Hunter - gathers

Question 10

Homo Heidelbergensis

Answer 10

500,000-200,000 ya
Germany discovered
Big brain and body
Good hunter

Question 11

Homo floresiensis

Answer 11

95000-12000 ya
400cc
3.5 feet, hobbit
Small brain and body
Dwarism
Distinct species

Question 12

Homo Neanderthals

Answer 12

130,000- 28000 years ago
closely related
Neander valley - Germany
subspecies of separate
1600m^3 cc
Better vision
large nose
large eyes
reduced chin
robust build
shorter limbs
wide rib cage
large joints
boarder hips
meat and fruit diet
language
hydroid for talking
stone tools and arty

Question 13

Why did Neanderthals go extinct

Answer 13

Theories are :
-Violence
-Disease
-Interbreeding with homo sapiens
-Replacement
-Climate change - too cold

Question 14

Homo sapiens

Answer 14

195000-present
Fossils everywhere
1350 cc mean
Rounder head
Vertical forehead
Small brows and less receding face
Lived in caves and rock shelter and had large culture

Question 15

Biggest debate of hominin evo

Answer 15

Replacement of species vs assimilation