EC immunity- mosquits

Question 1

What are arboviruses

Answer 1

Arboviruses are viruses transmitted to humans and other vertebrates by blood-feeding arthropods

Question 2

Give two mosquito-borne parasites

Answer 2

Malaria, plasmodium

Question 3

Is saliva inflammatory

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Give three families that are exampels of arboviruses

Answer 4

Bunyavirales, flaviviradae, togaviridae

Question 5

What mosquito genus has a high range, endangering a third of teh poopulation

Answer 5

Aedes

Question 6

Give two Aedes species

Answer 6

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

Question 7

What is the transmission cycle of viruses like Zika, dengue, chikungunya

Answer 7

Human is the main host, Aedes to human to Aedes to human

Question 8

What is the primary transmission cycle of West Nile virus, with humans being the incidental host

Answer 8

Mosquito –> birds –> mosquito –> birds

Question 9

Are there many vaccines and antivirals against arboviruses

Answer 9

No antivirals, limited vaccines

Question 10

What type of genome do arboviruses mainly have

Answer 10

RNA

Question 11

What type of enodcytosis do arboviruses use

Answer 11

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 12

What mechanism do arboviruses use to enter the cell (cytosol)

Answer 12

Acidic pH mechanism where the endosome fuses with the viral membranes

Question 13

What does the arbovirus genome look similar to (of the host cell)

Answer 13

mRNA

Question 14

What is the arbovirus genome translated to

Answer 14

Polyprotein

Question 15

Does each arbovirus family have the same way of replicating

Answer 15

No

Question 16

What is dengue spread by

Answer 16

Aedes species mosquitos

Question 17

How many related viruses are to dengue

Answer 17

4

Question 18

When do complications occur in dengue

Answer 18

Infected second time with different serotype

Question 19

Symptom of severe dengue

Answer 19

Suddent onsent haemorrhagic fever

Question 20

What are clinical features of ZIKA

Answer 20

Similar to dengue

Question 21

What system does Zika infect in fetuses

Answer 21

Developing CNS

Question 22

How is Zika diagnosed in fetuses

Answer 22

Diagnosed by blood test or rt-pcr to detect viral RNA in fetus tissues

Question 23

Zika can lead to the G___-B____ complications in adults

Answer 23

Guillan-Barre

Question 24

What is the vector for ZIKV

Answer 24

Aedes

Question 25

Key symptom of Zika of the head

Answer 25

Microcephaly

Question 26

What is chikungunya

Answer 26

Re-emerging vector-borne disease

Question 27

Symptoms of chikungunya

Answer 27

Pain in joint and muscle

Question 28

10 stages of mosquito bite

Answer 28

Bite 1. Mast cell degranulation 2. Blood vessel permeablility 3. Plasma leak and edema 4. Infection of stromal cells or resident DCs or macrophages 5. Neutrophils are recruited 6. Monocytes are recruited and differentation 7. Infection of monocyte-derived DCs/macrophages 8. Dc migration to lymph nodes 9. Drainage to lymph nodes of virus to then other organs 10. Severity

Question 29

How many types of dengue are there

Answer 29

4

Question 30

What is the is issue with dengue and what antibody is responsible

Answer 30

IgG responses are responsible: Virus-IgG complex is eaten by phagocytes: phagocytes become infected, more virus and inflammation.

Question 31

Malaria is caused by what parasite

Answer 31

Plasmodium

Question 32

What species of mosquitos spreads malaria

Answer 32

Anopheles