Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Earth history and life - 29202 > Echinoderms > Flashcards

Echinoderms Flashcards

1
Q

What are phylum Echinodermata united by?

A

Presence of a water vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the age range of phylum Echinodermata?

A

Cambrian to recent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Stereom?

A

Mesodermal calcitic skeleton
(middle layer of cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the symmetry of Enchinodermata?

A

Typically 5 fold Pentameral symmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Besides pentameral symmetry what other symmetry might be present in Echinodermata?

A

Superimposed bilateral symmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the diversity of echinodermata like?

A

Diverse group with wide variety of exclusively marine ecological niches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 2 subphylum can Echinodermata be divided into?

A

Pelmatozoa
Eleutherozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some examples of Subphylum Eleutherozoa?

A

Holothurians (sea cucumbers)
Asteroid starfish
Ophioroids (brittle stars)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some examples of echinoidea from Subphylum Eleutherozoa

A

Sea urchins and Sand dollars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the upper view of an echinoidea called?

A

Aboral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What main central feature of Echinoidea can be seen in aboral view?

A

Apical disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the apical disc?

A

Area which contains the periproct (anus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the periproct surrounded by?

A

5 plates with large pores (gonopores)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What makes one plate surrounding the periproct different?

A

Madreporite which is a different colour - imporant for water filtering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the pentameral symmetry of regular echinoidea defined?

A

10 pairs of ambulacrum plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are ambulacral plates?

A

penetrated pores through which tube feet emerge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are interambulacral plates?

A

Where there are no pores in aboral view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of tubercles?

A

the channel water flow and act as basal support for the spines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 general sizes/ function of spines on echinoidea?

A

long spines for protection
short spines for locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the name of the lower view of echinoidea?

A

adoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can be viewed in the centre of a regular echinoidea in adoral view?

A

Peristome - mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can also be seen in adoral view of a regular echinoidea besides the peristome?

A

Aristotle’s lantern
Perignathic girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Aristotle’s lantern?

A

5 jaws used for feeding

24
Q

What is the perignathic girdle?

A

ring of plates which surrounds the peristome

25
What feature located near aristotles lantern can be viewed internally?
Gill notches
26
What is the function of gill notches in echinoderns?
Allow water to enter the test
27
What is the test in echinoderns?
The skeleton
28
What is located underneath the madreporite?
Stone canal
29
What is the function of the stone canal?
part of water vascular system connecting madreporite with circum oral-ring
30
What does the circum oral-ring connect to and why is it important?
Connects to the radial water vessel which connects to ampullae which when then contract and expand extent or retract the tube feet
31
What is the mode of life of regular echinoids?
mobile epifaunal grazers or active predators
32
What is the difference as you transition from regular to irregular echinoids?
Flattening of test Elongation of test Decrease in size of spines and tubercles Increase in number of spines and tubercles Anus shifts posteriorly Peristome shifts anteriorly Decrease in size of peristome
33
What is the reason for the difference between irregular and regular echinoids?
Secondary bilateral symmetry
34
What is the mode of life of irregular echinoids?
mobile infaunal burrowers
35
What is an example of the transition of an echinoid from regular to irregular? (Jurassic)
Diademopsis (hettagenian) Pygaster (Sinemurian) Pileus (Mid- late Jurassic)
36
What is the main organism of the subphylum pelmatozoa?
Crinoidea
37
What is the age range of crinoidea?
Early Ordovician to recent
38
What is the fossil record and relative abundance like for Crinoidea?
Largest group of echinoderms in fossil record Extremely common in certain facies in Palaeozoic
39
What is the holdfast for crinoidea?
The attachment / foot structure
40
What is the stem of crinoids made up of?
columnals or ossicles (polo mint like features)
41
What is the caylx in crinoids?
cup-shaped central portion that lies below the oral surface, which is oriented away from the substrate
42
What extent off from the caylx?
Branching arms
43
What name is given to the lower part of the caylx?
The cup
44
What are the parts of the cup from lower to higher?
Infrabasals Basals Radials
45
What is the the top of the caylx called?
Tegmen
46
What is the position of the mouth and anus in the tegmen?
Centrally located mouth Laterally located anus positioned on raised anal pyramid
47
What are the feeding arms of crinoids divided into?
Brachial plates And Pinnules
48
What are pinnules in crinoids?
Contain the reproductive organs and carry numerous tube feet with sensory functions Very fine
49
What is a rheophilic mode of life?
Current seeking to filter feed feed from water column
50
What is an example of a rheophobic crinoid?
Uintacrinus
51
What is a rheophobic mode of life?
current avoiding
52
What is the decapitation mode of life for crinoids?
When the head is removed nutrient and food are absorbed through the skin
53
What is an example of comatulid crinoids?
Antedon - highly mobile also able to swim
54
What is a fossil example of a comatulid crinoid?
Saccocoma (Jurassic) benthic
55
What characteristic of the crinoids make them have a good fossil record?
calcitic skeleton means abundant fossil record e.g. crinoidal limestones
56
What type of hydro environment do all echinoderms live?
Normal marine salinity (stenohaline) in only fully marine sediments

Earth history and life - 29202 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions