Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardio > Echo > Flashcards

Echo Flashcards

1
Q

Normal LV dimensions

A

40/60-2

35/50+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal LA size in Plax and A4C

A

4and 5.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PAH formulas for Mean PAP

A
  1. 79-(0.45xAcclrn time)
  2. 4V2 PEAK PR+ RAP
  3. VTI of TR jet +RAP
  4. 90- 0.62 x Acclrn time
  5. Mean = 2/3 PADP+1/3 PASP
  6. 0.61 x PASP +2

Rough estimate-80-(0.5xAT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In acute MR echo precaution..

A

Can have misleadingly small central jets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Venae contracta width reflects the

A

ROA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to look for VCW

A

PLAX or A4C:: (40-70 cm/s-Nyquist limit)

For PISA 15-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How to do PISA

A
  1. A4C view
  2. 15-40 cm/s - Nyquist limit
  3. Midsystole
  4. Find PISA radius
  5. Now measure MR VTI
  6. Machine will give EROA;

Later calculate Regurgitant Vol somehow 😬😬
EROA-most robust parameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PASP from TR jet probability of PAH

A

Upto 2.8 m/s -Low probability

  1. 5m/s or more-High probability
  2. 9 -3.4 - intermediate probability

Gradient values corresponding is 31 (2.8)and 49 (3.5)without RAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In Afib how many beats are to be taken to get average RVSP

A

8 beats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In presence of RVOT obstruction or PS how can u use TR jet to assess PASP?

A

Minus the RVOT gradient from the TR gradient

ie TR gradient - RVOT gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Faster the heart rate –—–the frame rate for assessing Regurgitant jets

A

Higher

Min frame rate required is 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Doppler sweep speed for assessing PR/TR jets

A

100 mm/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RVOT acclrn time and PAH

A

> 130 ms is normal
<100 highly suggestive of PAH

CAN calculate MEAN pressure from AT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In ebsteins the displacement index is

A

More than8 mm/m2 ie per BSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How to demonstrate LEFT SVC in TTE

A

Agitated saline injection through LEFT antecubital vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Severe biatrial enlargement is seen in RCM or CP?

A

In RCM

In CP Bi atrial enlargement is moderate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Type of delivery preferred in Pregnancy and heart disease

A

Vaginal delivery:Minimise Valsalva-ie “Cardiac delivery “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Velocity of PW at Pulmonary valve level

A

0.8-1.2 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Normal PV acceleration time

A

More than 130 ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PV Acceleration time of —- indicates severe PAH

A

Less than 80 ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Grading of PAH by PASP

A

Mild >40
Moderate >50
Severe > 60

From 1,2,3 sonography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Familial RCMP is a different phenotypic expression of

A

Familial HCM 😳

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Deceleration time in Gd3DD

A

Less than 140 ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Echo clues of Sarcoidosis

A

1.BASAL LV abnormalities- RWMA in basal post, lat segments

LV aneurysms mostly basal

  1. Septal thinning; Hyperechoic septum
  2. May resemble HCM
  3. RV dilatation, hypokinesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Initial test for Primary Aldosteronism
PAC/PRA ratio
26
A condition where there is dissociation between Short and long axis systolic function
Amyloid cardiomyopathy Do strain rate imaging Long axis dysfunction is far greater than in HCM, Aortic stenosis etc Severe impairment of basal strain with preserved Apical strain is typical of Amyloidosis
27
Sparkling myocardium is seen in ---% of Amyloid cardiomyopathy
30% only Specificity only 75% Atrial septal thickening is a feature of Amyloidosis- addln point
28
Paradoxical septal motion means
SYSTOLIC movt of IVS towards RV
29
Paradoxical septal motion and PR
Simple sign of SEVERE PR
30
PHT of ____ms indicates significant PR
< 100 ms From a PPT
31
In A4C AML is located near
SEPTUM PML is located at the lateral annulus ASS-Anterior leaflet near Septum-ASs
32
Normal thickness of Mitral valve
4-5 mm
33
Score of 2 in Wilkins score means
Only upto 1/3 rd is involved M- mid and base moves well ; distal 1/3 rd affected S- upto 1/3 rd of chordae involved C- upto 1/3rd of leaflet. If it extends to mid it becomes next grade T- upto 1/3 rd is thickened. No 0 score in Wilkins. Min score is 4
34
Score 3 of Wilkins is
``` Involvement of middle 1/3 rd or more M- mid doesn't move S- mid and more C- mid and more T- is different, entire valve 5-8 mm ``` Score 4 is entire valve involved Score 1 is near normal Score 2 is upto 1/3 involved
35
RA finding in tamponade
RA Systolic collapse more than 1/3 rd of Systole . Collapse starts in End diastole Highly sensitive and specific Transient RA collapse can occur without tamponade RV collapse starts in early diastole
36
Doppler finding in tamponade
>25% variation in Mitral E velocity An inspiratory reduction of at least 25%
37
Collapse in Cardiac tamponade
Late diastolic RA & | Early diastolic RV
38
Hepatic vein Doppler in Constriction and Restriction
Constriction- Expiratory diastolic flow reversal | Restriction - Inspiratory diastolic flow reversal
39
Normal respiratory variation in tricuspid,Mitral inflows and Pulmonary, Aortic outflows
Tricuspid-25% or less Mitral-15% or less Aortic and Pulmonary-10% or less
40
The diastolic collapse of RA/RV free walls is more during
Expiration
41
Fluid required for Pericardial effusion to be evident on CXR
400-500 ml
42
Tricuspid annular systolic motion velocity < .......is abnormal
10cm/s
43
PSAX- RCA is seen at ——-position and LCx at ———/
RCA -11 O clock in 45% - rest nearby LCA- 4 O clock in around 45% -rest nearby. So roughly 11 and 4
44
Nagueh formula
1.24 x e/e’(septal+lateral/2) + 1.9 <8 normal >15 elevated filling pressure 8-15 - grey zone
45
MPA is measured at
Bifurcation level below Pulm Valve or at RPA level | 2.2 cm is DILATED
46
Normal LA size AP dimensions
Max 3.8 /4 : females/ males respective ASE 2015 Guidelines M mode or 2D same value
47
LA length is also known as———/ And is measured from ———-to ——-
Major dimension Mitral annulus level to LA ceiling LA minor dimension is from lateral wall to IAS Both in A4C view RA major and minor also similarly
48
RV inflow view will show ———-and ———— walls of RV
Anterior and Inferior
49
RV dimension at its base is measured in which view
RV focused view from Apex
50
RA volume upper limit ASE 2015
33 and 39 ml/ m2 ::female/ male
51
RV size values -abnormal is
MORE THAN 41/35/86 | Prox/Dist- 33/27
52
RV measurement in ARVD is at
RVOT Prox in PLAX
53
RV size versus LV size Qualitative evaln
Normal RV-< 2/3 of LV MODERATE: RV > LV SEVERE: when RV forms apex
54
Maximum normal RV wall thickness is
5 mm ASE 2015
55
Minimum TAPSE in a normal RV
17 mm
56
Minimum S’ of normal RV is
9.5 cm/s. Less than this is abnormal
57
Minimum RV FAC in a normal RV
35% Less than this is abnormal If u take RVEF(3D)- it’s 45% 2015
58
Abnormal MPI of RV is
>0.43 by PW (TR jet required). or Use RVOT ejection time separately OR > 0.54 by Tissue Doppler ASE 2015
59
MPI is (Myocardial Performance Index) ratio of
Isovolumic time to Ejection time
60
Abnormal RV E/e’ is
MORE THAN 6
61
PE echo findings are seen ——-% of PE patients
30-40%
62
60/60 sign means
RVSP < 60 by TR jet. (Untrained RV cannot acutely generate high pressures) PA acceleration time < 60 msec ( ends fast because of high impedance)
63
RA pressure from IVC ,; numbers to remember
2.1, 50%, 3,8,15
64
Mild / Mod/ Severe PAH classfn
No clear recommendation /data for same 35/50/70 used by many
65
Inverted T sign in Echo is used to differentiate——from ——-
IWMI from PE
66
LA normal dimensions
AP view-3.8/4.00 female/male LA biplane vol- 34ml/m2 or less
67
Normal RA size
Major axis-M/F- 2.8/2.7 cm/ m2 Minor axis- M/F- 2.2 cm/m2 RA volume single plane-M/F- 27/32ml/m2 ASE 2015
68
Why TEE should not be used for LA size
Entire LA cannot be seen in TEE
69
LA should be measured at end of
LV systole
70
Precautions while measuring LA size
Base of LA should be at its largest size. LA length should be maximized And take the Mitral annulus plane and not Mitral leaflets For biplane difference in length in 2 views should be less than 5 mm. Shortest of the two is taken No use doing LA area . Go for Volume . But LA area is more representative than AP only
71
Difference between LA volume single and biplane
Single is lower by 1-2 ml/m2
72
LA max size in A4C
Major- 52/54 female/male Minor- 44/43 2015 -ACCHA N.B- rounded off values
73
Diastolic dysfunction echo parameters-2016 ASE guidelines
e’-7/10; E/e’-14;TR-2.8,LA-34 ml/m2 For patients with normal LV For those with reduced EF/ or with DD to grade DD- Use the last 3 parameters - to identify whether Gd1or 2or cannot determine Before that do E/A-<=0.8/50cm/s; is Gd1 >=2 is Gd3. To grade it from 1-3
74
LA volume formula - biplane area length method
A1xA2x 0.85 /L

Cardio (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions