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Honors Biology > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Levels of Classification

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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2
Q

Three Domains

A

Bacteria, archaea, eukarya

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3
Q

Six Kingdoms

A

Animals, plants, archaebacteria, eubacteria, fungi, protista

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4
Q

Similarities of Bacteria and Archaea Domains

A

Single-celled, prokaryotic, lack membrane-bound nucleus, polysaccharide lipids, not closely related due to RNA structure

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5
Q

Differences of Bacteria and Archaea Domains

A

Bacteria is found almost everywhere, has peptidoglycan protein, is either beneficial or harmful
Archaea has ancient heritage, found typically in aquatic environments with no oxygen, has no peptidoglycan protein

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6
Q

Four Eukaryotic Kingdoms

A

Protista, fungi, plants, animals

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7
Q

Differences of Eukarya from Archaea and Bacteria Kingdoms

A

Eukarya has membrane-bound nucleus, larger organisms, internal organs, multi-cellular

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8
Q

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Similarities

A

Both create life, evolved, have DNA and RNA, cells with membranes

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9
Q

Heterotrophic Examples

A

Animals, fungi, most protozoas and bacteria

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10
Q

Who Invented the Classification System

A

Carl Linnaeus

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11
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of life on Earth, in all of its forms

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12
Q

Three Components of Biodiversity

A

Ecosystem, species, and genetics

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13
Q

Population

A

A bunch of members of a species in a certain area who interact often

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14
Q

Community

A

Two or more populations of different species live together

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15
Q

Ecosystem

A

A group of organisms in a specific area, along with the nonliving parts of their environment

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16
Q

Biome

A

Where organisms have evolved similar techniques to adapt to a general set of conditions

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17
Q

Biosphere

A

Includes the atmosphere, the whole Earth, and everything that gets used by anything that’s alive

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18
Q

Photosynthesis Equation

A

6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + light energy = C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)

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19
Q

Reactants of Photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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20
Q

Products of Photosynthesis

A

Sugars and oxygen

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21
Q

Three Types of Cells in Leaves

A

Mesophyll cells, epidermal cells, vascular bundles

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22
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A colored compound that absorbs light

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23
Q

Endergonic

A

Requires energy to do the reaction

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24
Q

Exergonic

A

Energy is released by the reaction

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25
Light-Independent Reaction is Also Known As
The Calvin Cycle
26
The Calvin Cycle Occurs Where in the Chloroplast
Stroma (leaf pores)
27
Light-Dependent Reaction Occurs Where in the Chloroplast
Thylakoid
28
Light-Dependent Reaction
Water comes in and oxygen, ATP, and NADPH come out
29
Calvin Cycle
CO(2), ATP, and NADPH come in and C(6)H(12)O(6) come out
30
Light-Independent Reactions Use What From Light-Dependent Reactions
ATP and NADPH
31
Three Phases of Light-Independent Reactions
Fixation, reduction, and regeneration
32
Morphology
Appearance
33
Ecology
The study of the interactions between organisms and their environments
34
Primary Succession
Pioneer species
35
Pioneer Species
Species that are the first to colonize newly created environments or repopulate disrupted biodiverse ecosystems
36
Secondary Succession
Seral stage and climax community
37
Seral Stage
A intermediate stage advancing towards climax community
38
Climax Community
The endpoint of succession in which a community has reached a steady state
39
How Much Energy is Lost at a Trophic Level
90%
40
Biogeochemical Cycles
Cycling of matter through biotic and abiotic compartments of Earth
41
Bioaccumulation
Built up pollutants in tissues of organisms
42
Biological Magnification
Chemicals increase as pollutants move up food chain
43
Pigments
Molecules that absorb light energy and determine the color of an object
44
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants use solar energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water
45
Limiting Factors
Light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide
46
Light Intensity Limiting Factor
Increases rate until it reaches a stabilizing point
47
Temperature Limiting Factor
Slower at low or high temperatures, maxes out at an optimum temperature
48
Carbon Dioxide Limiting Factor
Slower at low or high levels, maxes out at an optimum rate
49
Chlorophyll A
A primary pigment that reflects green light
50
Chlorophyll B
Assits chlorophyll A in absorbing light energy that reflects yellow-green light
51
ATP Consists Of
Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
52
Cellular Respiration
The process of energy conversion that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
53
Cellular Respiration Equation
C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2) = 6H(2)O + 6CO(2) + 36ATP
54
Types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic and anaerobic
55
Stages of Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
56
Stages of Anaerobic Respiration
Glycolysis (produces 2ATP), fermentation
57
Kreb's Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
Produces 2ATP
58
Electron Transport Chain
Produces 30-32ATP
59
Two Types of Fermentation
Lactic acid and alcohol
60
Lactic Acid Fermentation
When muscles can't get enough oxygen to keep up, lactic acid is produced instead of ATP
61
Alcohol Fermentation
Produces ethyl alcohol and CO(2) instead of ATP
62
Dichotomous Key Chart
A scientific tool used to identify and categorize different organisms or objects based on a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name or classification

Honors Biology (8 decks)

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