wow another test

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

A section of DNA’s nucleotides (a unit of heredity).

Question 2

DNA VS. RNA Bases

Answer 2

Thymine VS. Uracil

Question 3

Sequence of Translation

Answer 3

1) mRNA leaves nucleus to ribosome
2) mRNA codon pairs with complementary tRNA anti-codon
3) tRNA brings amino acids to ribosome
4) Amino acids are brought and connected to form a protein

Question 4

Spindle Fibers

Answer 4

What divides genetic material in a cell when connecting to the centrioles (also known as a microtubules)

Question 5

Centromere

Answer 5

Part of a chromosome that holds the two chromatids together

Question 6

Gregor Mendel

Answer 6

1) Discovered DNA in 1869
2) Discovered complete dominance inheritance patterns

Question 7

Erwin Chargaff

Answer 7

Discovered base pair levels are almost always equal

Question 8

Rosalin Franklin

Answer 8

Used a technique called X-Ray Diffraction to see the molecule of DNA

Question 9

James Watson

Answer 9

Showed Rosalin Franklin’s photo in 1953 (known as Picture 51)

Question 10

Francis Crick

Answer 10

Worked with James Watson to make a model that showed how DNA
1) Carried Info
2) Could be copied

Question 11

What Creates a Chromosome’s Shape?

Answer 11

DNA’s spirals

Question 12

Who Proposed Complimentary Base Pair Rules?

Answer 12

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 13

Four Base Pairs in DNA

Answer 13

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 14

James Watson’s Lifetime

Answer 14

June 1928 - present

Question 15

Francis Crick’s Lifetime

Answer 15

July 1916 - July 2004

Question 16

When Did James Watson and Francis Crick Win the Nobel Prize?

Answer 16

1962

Question 17

Use of DNA’s Double Helix Shape

Answer 17

1) Protection
2) Continue forming
3) Spiral into chromosome

Question 18

Heredity

Answer 18

Traits passed down from parents to offspring

Question 19

Replication Fork

Answer 19

The “active site” where the DNA strand is split into two and DNA replication takes place

Question 20

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 20

Chromosomes with the same length, shape, and set of genes

Question 21

Why Do Cells Divide?

Answer 21

1) Replace old/worn out/dying cells
2) Replace damaged cells
3) Create new cells for growth/development

Question 22

Interphase

Answer 22

Phase in which the cell prepares for cell division

Question 23

G1

Answer 23

Gap 1 - Cell grows in size

Question 24

S

Answer 24

Synthesis - DNA replication

Question 25

G2

Answer 25

Gap 2 - Organelles are copied and cell prepares for division

Question 26

G Meaning

Answer 26

Gap - Periods of inactivity and normal metabolic activity

Question 27

Mitosis

Answer 27

Division of the nucleus (including DNA)

Question 28

1st Phase of Mitosis

Answer 28

Prophase - Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane starts to break, spindles form

Question 29

2nd Phase of Mitosis

Answer 29

Metaphase - Chromosomes align in center and spindle fibers connect

Question 30

3rd Phase of Mitosis

Answer 30

Anaphase - Chromosomes are divided, cell begins to split

Question 31

4th Phase of Mitosis

Answer 31

Telophase - Nucleus forms around each group of chromosomes

Question 32

At the End of Mitosis

Answer 32

There are two separate nuclei

Question 33

Cytokinesis

Answer 33

Stage where the cytoplasm splits and two separate cells are made

Question 34

Cytokinesis Looks Different In

Answer 34

Plants versus animal cells

Question 35

Chromatin

Answer 35

A mixture of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes

Question 36

Sister Chromatids

Answer 36

The identical copies formed by DNA replication of a chromosome

Question 37

Centrioles

Answer 37

The organelles that help cells divide (also known as centrosomes)

Question 38

Stem Cells

Answer 38

Special human cells that develop into many different cell types

Question 39

Order of Time Mitosis Phases

Answer 39

1) Interphase 2) Anaphase 3) Telophase 4) Metaphase 5) Prophase

Question 40

Signs of Cancer in Cells

Answer 40

1) Large number of dividing cells 2) Large variably shaped nuclei 3) Large nucleus to cytoplasm ratio 4) Variation in size and shape 5) Loss of normal cell features 6) Disorganized arrangement 7) Poorly defined tumor boundary

Question 41

Protein Synthesis

Answer 41

How your DNA can lead to the making of protein

Question 42

Synthesis

Answer 42

To make something

Question 43

Transcription

Answer 43

DNA to mRNA

Question 43

Promoter

Answer 43

Region before gene

Question 44

Translation

Answer 44

mRNA to protein

Question 45

Introns

Answer 45

Do not code for proteins so are spliced

Question 46

Splicing

Answer 46

Removing

Question 47

Exons

Answer 47

Region on mRNA leaves nucleus and codes for protein

Question 48

Splicesome

Answer 48

ALWAYS removes introns

Question 49

Alternate Splicing

Answer 49

Randomly removes exons

Question 50

Genetic Code

Answer 50

1) 20 amino acids 2) 64 possible codon combinations 3) 3 stop codons

Question 51

Mutation

Answer 51

A change within a nucleic acid

Question 52

Types of Chromosome Mutations

Answer 52

Duplication, deletion, inversion, and translocation

Question 53

Inversion

Answer 53

Segment breaks off and reattaches in reverse

Question 54

Translocation

Answer 54

Segment breaks off and reattaches to different chromosome

Question 55

Point Mutation

Answer 55

Base-pair substitution

Question 56

Causes of Mutations

Answer 56

1) Transposable elements 2) During replication 3) Environment 4) Mutagen

Question 57

Transposable Elements

Answer 57

Segment of DNA that spontaneously moves to another segment

Question 58

Chromosome

Answer 58

The form DNA takes when it winds up in an organized structure to complete cell division

Question 59

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 59

The protective layer that surrounds DNA in a eukaryotic cell

Question 60

One Cell Divides Into

Answer 60

Two diploid cells

Question 61

Where mRNA, rRNA, tRNA are Found

Answer 61

mRNA - Nucleus and cytoplasm rRNA - Cytoplasm tRNA - Cytoplasm

Question 62

Diploid

Answer 62

Two sets of chromosomes