Evolution

Question 1

How Long Ago Did the First Mammals Appear on Earth?

Answer 1

200 MYA

Question 1

Three Common Traits of Mammals

Answer 1

1) Reproduce
2) Breath air
3) Warm blooded

Question 2

Fitness

Answer 2

The relative ability of an individual or population to survive, reproduce, and pass on genes

Question 3

Anagenesis

Answer 3

A pattern of evolution where there is no branching of the phylogenetic tree

Question 4

Cladogenesis

Answer 4

A pattern of evolution where there is a branching from the original species on the phylogenetic tree

Question 5

Anagenesis and Cladogenesis Both Result In

Answer 5

Forming a new species

Question 6

Evolution

Answer 6

The process of change over time

Question 7

Natural Selection

Answer 7

Organisms that are best adapted to the environment survive and reproduce more than others

Question 8

Four Steps to Natural Selection

Answer 8

1) Overproduction
2) Variation
3) Competition
4) Selection

Question 9

Overproduction

Answer 9

Each species produces more offspring than can survive

Question 10

Variation

Answer 10

Individuals have the unique combination of inherited traits

Question 11

Competition

Answer 11

Individuals keep for limited resources including food, water, space, mates, or staying alive

Question 12

Selection

Answer 12

The individuals with the best traits/adaptions will survive and have the opportunity to pass its traits to its offspring

Question 13

Adaption

Answer 13

An inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival

Question 14

Descent with Modification

Answer 14

Each living species had descended, with changes, from other species over time

Question 15

Common Descent

Answer 15

All living organisms are related

Question 16

Absolute/Radiometric Dating

Answer 16

Looking at the radioactive decay of the atoms in the fossils or Earth around it to determine an exact age

Question 17

Archaeopyterx

Answer 17

Missing link between reptiles and birds

Question 18

Vestige Organs

Answer 18

“Leftover” traces of evolution that serve no purpose

Question 19

Embryology

Answer 19

Embryos of all vertebrates are very similar early on

Question 20

Biochemistry

Answer 20

DNA with more similar sequences suggest species are more closely related

Question 21

Microevolution

Answer 21

Evolutionary changes within a small group of organisms or species over a slow time

Question 22

Macroevolution

Answer 22

Major changes among species occurring over a long period of time

Question 23

Evolution Occurs When

Answer 23

Various pressures drive change and good traits build up in a population over many generations while bad traits are eliminated over time

Question 24

Order of Evolution

Answer 24

Variation to pressure to selection to time

Question 25

Three Natural Pressures

Answer 25

Resource availability, environmental conditions, and biological factors

Question 26

Resource Availability

Answer 26

Presence of sufficient food, habitat, and mates

Question 27

Environmental Conditions

Answer 27

Temperature, weather conditions, or geographical access

Question 28

Biological Factors

Answer 28

Predators and pathogens (diseases)

Question 29

Intentional Artificial Pressures

Answer 29

Humans select variants, known as selective breeding

Question 30

Unintentional Artificial Pressures

Answer 30

Overuse of antibiotics creating antibiotic resistant bacteria, pollution

Question 31

Directional Selection

Answer 31

Shifts the range of variation in traits in one direction

Question 32

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 32

Favors intermediate forms of a trait

Question 33

Disruptive Selection

Answer 33

Favors forms of a trait at the extremes of a range

Question 34

Speciation

Answer 34

The formation of new and distinct species caused by reproductive isolation

Question 35

Geographical Isolation

Answer 35

A physical Barries separating two groups of a population

Question 36

Behavioral Isolation

Answer 36

Two populations are capable of breeding but are isolated by differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors associated with mating

Question 37

Temporal Isolation

Answer 37

Species become different by reproducing at different times

Question 38

Taxonomy

Answer 38

The science of classification

Question 39

Order of Taxonomy

Answer 39

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 40

Eubacteria

Answer 40

Unicellular, cell wall of peptidoglycan, prokaryotic, heterotrophic, autotrophic, photosynthesis

Question 41

Archaebacteria

Answer 41

Unicellular, cell wall with no peptidoglycan, prokaryotic, heterotrophic, autotrophic, photosynthesis

Question 42

Protista

Answer 42

Unicellular/some multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic, heterotrophic

Question 43

Fungi

Answer 43

Multicellular, eukaryotic, cell wall with chitin, heterotrophic, decomposers

Question 44

Plantae

Answer 44

Multicellular, eukaryotic, cell wall with cellulose, non-moving, autotrophic, photosynthesis

Question 45

Animalia

Answer 45

Multicellular, eukaryotic, mobile, heterotrophic

Question 46

Three Domains

Answer 46

Bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 47

Scientific Names

Answer 47

Binomial nomenclature, genus and species

Question 48

Autotrophic

Answer 48

Makes its own food

Question 49

Heterotrophic

Answer 49

An organism eating other organisms

Question 50

Sexual Selection

Answer 50

Natural selection arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex

Question 51

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 51

The idea that evolution occurs in spurts instead of following a slow and steady path

Question 52

Genetic Drift

Answer 52

The change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

Question 53

Hardy-Weinberg

Answer 53

A principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors

Question 54

Order of Human Evolution

Answer 54

First bipedalism and then larger frontal lobe

Question 55

Mammals

Answer 55

Appeared 220 MYA and have body temperature control, four chambered hearts, cerebral cortex development

Question 56

Primates

Answer 56

65 MYA and have binocular vision, rotating shoulder joints, and prehensile tail. Two types are prosimians and arthropods

Question 57

Hominids

Answer 57

Opposable thumb, bipedal locomotion, and larger brain case

Question 58

Bottleneck

Answer 58

Population bottlenecks occur when a population’s size is reduced for at least one generation

Question 59

Founder effect

Answer 59

A founder effect occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population