Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

fall semester 2022 :) > ecology quiz 3 :o > Flashcards

ecology quiz 3 :o Flashcards

1
Q

10.2 Genetic variation among individuals in a population arises from shuffling in ____ & ____ in sexual reproduction

A

genes & chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

10.2 In sexual reproduction, between the 2 diploid individuals, they produce haploid ____ which is _____, and they combine to form a _____ called a ____ and it has a full _____.

A

gametes, sperm and egg, diploid, zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

10.2 What is the major source of genetic variability?

A

Recombination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

10.2 Which reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes?

A

Asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

10.2 Define Parthenogenesis

A

development of individual from egg that did not undergo fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

10.2 Asexual reproduction can result in what? And at what cost?

A

High population growth & the cost in loss of genetic recombination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

10.2 Low genetic variability among individuals in a population means…

A

the population responds uniformly to changes in the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

10.2 Mixing of ____ and ____ that occurs in sexual reproduction produces genetic variability

A

genes & chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

10.2 (T/F) Sexual reproduction produces a broaded range of responses to environment

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

10.2 (T/F) Sexual reproduction decreases probability of individuals surviving environment changes

A

false - increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

10.2 Which reproduction is more energetically costly and why?

A

Sexual reproduction because production of gametes, courtship activities, and mating are energetically expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

10.2 (T/F) Eggs are larger and energetically more expensive than sperm

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

10.3 Two individuals produce a haploid gamete that combine to form a _____

A

Diploid cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

10.3 Define dioecous

A

Having male and female reductive organs on separate plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

10.3 Organisms who possess both female and male parts are?

A

Hermaphrodites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

10.3 In plants, they are hermaphroditic by? And termed?

A

Possessing bisexual flowers with both male (stamens) and female organs (ovaries)
Perfect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

10.3 Define monoecious

A

Having male and female reproductive organs separated on the same plant (termed imperfect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

10.3 Single self-fertile ______ plant can colonize a new habitat, reproduce, and establish ____.

A

hermaphroditic
new population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

10.3 Define simultaneous Hermaphrodite

A

Individual organisms that possess both male and female sex organs at the same time in its life cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

10.3 Population of hermaphroditic individuals is able to produce twice as many offspring as _____.

A

population of unisexual indivudals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

10.3 Define sequential hermaphrodites

A

Organisms that changes sex from female to male (vice versa) at some point in its life cycle
- Usually takes place as they mature/grow

22
Q

10.3 (T/F) Plants can also undergo sex change

A

True

23
Q

10.4 What activities can reduce the probability of future survival?

A

Aquisition of mate, defense of breeding territory, feeding and protection of young

24
Q

10.4 (T/F) Reproduction directly reduces individuals ability to produce future offspring

A

True

25
Q

10.4 Allocation to reproduction shown to..?

A

Reduce allocation to growth in plants/animals

26
Q

10.4 Individuals reproducing ____ in age will produce ___ offspring per productive period than one who postpones reproduction in favor of additional growth.

A

earlier
fewer

27
Q

11.2 As population density increases….

A

availability of resources declines

28
Q

11.2 Define density dependence

A

regulation of population growth by a mechanism controlled by population size; effects increase as population size increases (its effects influence pop. in proportion to its size)

29
Q

11.2 Density dependence functions to SLOW rate of population growth with increasing population density by….

A

Increasing rate of mortality, decrease rate of fecundity, or both

30
Q

11.2 Define density-dependent mortality

A

Increase in mortality(death) rate with increasing population size

31
Q

11.2 Define density-dependent fecundity

A

Decline in fecundity(birth) rate with increasing population size

32
Q

11.2 (T/F) Population density can influence patterns of predation/spread of disease and parasites

A

True

33
Q

11.2 Define density independence

A

being unaffected by population density; regulation of growth is not tied to population density

34
Q

11.3 Competition occurs when…

A

individuals use a common resource that is in short supply to the number seeking it

35
Q

11.3 Define intraspecific competition

A

competition among individuals of the same species

36
Q

11.3 (T/F) As long as availability of resources does impede the ability of individuals to grow, survive, and reproduce… no competition occurs

A

False - does NOT

37
Q

11.3 Define scramble competition

A

Limited resources are shared to the point that no individual survives

38
Q

11.3 Scramble competition occurs when?

A

When growth and reproduction are depressed equally across individuals in a population as intensity of competition increase

39
Q

11.3 What can scramble competition lead to?

A

All individuals receiving insufficient resources for survival and reproduction - resulting in local extinction

40
Q

11.3 Define contest competition

A

limited resources shared only by dominant individuals

41
Q

11.3 Contest competition takes place when?

A

When some individuals claim enough resources while denying others a share - only a fraction of population suffers aka unsuccessful individuals

42
Q

11.3 (T/F) Competing individuals may not directly interact with one another

A

True

43
Q

11.3 Define exploitation

A

Indirect interaction as they compete for resources
ex) use of resources by one individual = decreases amount available for others

44
Q

11.3 (T/F) Competing individuals may directly interact

A

True

45
Q

11.3 Define interference

A

Direct interactions of organism fighting for resources
ex) preventing others from occupying a habitat/ accessing resource within in

46
Q

11.4 Intraspecific Competition is usually…

A

Density dependent, it increases gradually and first affects growth/development - later it affects survival/reproduction

47
Q

11.4 What happens as population density increases to a point where resources are insufficient to provide for all?

A

Some or all individuals reduce their intake of resources & reduction slows rate of growth and development

48
Q

11.4 Define density-dependent growth

A

Inverse relationship between population density and individual growth

49
Q

11.5 Competition for resources at high population densities can…

A

Function to reduce survival

50
Q

11.5 Mortality function to increase per capita resource availability, allowing for?

A

Increased growth of surviving individuals

51
Q

11.5 Link between density-dependent mortality, resource availability, and growth rate is apparent in organisms that exhibit…

A

Indeterminate growth rates that respond strongly to resource availability, such as plants!

fall semester 2022 :) (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions