exam 2 vocab

Question 1

6.1 define rubisco

Answer 1

enzyme that catalyzes initial transformation of co2 into sugar

Question 2

6.11 formula for net photosynthesis

Answer 2

photosynthesis - respiration

Question 3

6.2 define light saturation point

Answer 3

amount of light(PAR) at which plants achieve maximum rate of photosynthesis

Question 4

6.2 define light compensation point

Answer 4

level of light where photosynthesis and respiration balance each other

Question 5

6.2 negative effect of high light levels is?

Answer 5

photoinhibition

Question 6

6.2 define transpiration

Answer 6

loss of water vapor from plant to outside atmosphere

Question 7

6.8 define shade-intolerant

Answer 7

growing & reproducing best under high light conditions

Question 8

6.8 define shade-intolerant

Answer 8

growing & reproducing best under low light conditions

Question 9

6.11 define macronutrients

Answer 9

essential nutrients plants and animals need in large amounts

Question 10

6.11 define micronutrients

Answer 10

essential nutrients plants and animals need in small amounts

Question 11

8.2 define geographic range

Answer 11

distribution described by all individuals of a species encompassed in a defined area.

Question 12

8.2 define ubiquitous

Answer 12

having widespread geographic distribution

Question 13

8.2 define endemic

Answer 13

restricted to a given region

Question 14

8.2 define metapopulation

Answer 14

population broken into sets of subpopulations held together by dispersal or movements of individuals among them

Question 15

8.7 define dispersal

Answer 15

movements of individuals in a space

Question 16

8.7 define emigration

Answer 16

when individuals move out of a subpopulation

Question 17

8.7 define immigration

Answer 17

when individuals from another location into a subpopulation

Question 18

8.7 define migration

Answer 18

intentional, directional, usually seasonal movement of animals between two regions or habitats

Question 19

8.8 define invasive species

Answer 19

species that is not native to that ecosystem; referred to as non-native or alien species

Question 20

9.1 define budding

Answer 20

when new individual forms on parent organism

Question 21

9.1 define geometric population growth

Answer 21

population growth described over discrete time intervals

Question 22

9.1 define exponential population growth

Answer 22

instantaneous rate of population growth expressed as a proportional increase per unit of time

Question 23

9.1 define survivorship curve

Answer 23

graph describing the survival (lx) of a cohort of individuals in a population from birth to the maximum age reached by any one member of the cohort.

Question 24

9.8 demographic stochasticity

Answer 24

random variations in birth and death rates that occur in a population from year to year

Question 25

9.8 define environmental stochasticity

Answer 25

random variations in the environment that directly affect birth and death rates

Question 26

10.2 define asexual reproduction

Answer 26

any form of reproduction, such as budding, that does not involve the fusion of gametes

Question 27

10.2 define parthenogensis

Answer 27

development of an individual from an egg that did not undergo fertilization

Question 28

10.3 define sexual reproduction

Answer 28

two individuals produce haploid gametes that combine to form a diploid cell

Question 29

10.3 define hermaphroditic

Answer 29

bisexual flowers with both male organs and female organs - termed "perfect"

Question 30

10.3 define monoecious

Answer 30

having male and female reproductive organs separated on the same plant - termed "imperfect"

Question 31

10.3 define simultaneous hermaphrodites

Answer 31

individual organism that possesses both male and female sex organs at the same time in its life cycle

Question 32

10.3 define sequential hermaphrodites

Answer 32

individual organism that changes sex from female to male (vice versa) at some time in its life cycle

Question 33

10.6 define reproductive effort

Answer 33

proportion of its resources an organism expends on reproduction

Question 34

10.8 define iteroparous

Answer 34

having multiple broods over a lifetime

Question 35

10.8 define semelparous

Answer 35

having only a single reproductive effort in a lifetime, over one short period of time

Question 36

10.11 define sexual dimorphism

Answer 36

occurrence of morphological differences other than primary sexual characteristics that distinguish males from females in a species

Question 37

10.11 define intrasexual selection

Answer 37

competition among members of the same sex for a mate

Question 38

10.11 define intersexual selection

Answer 38

choice of a mate, usually by the female

Question 39

10.13 describe k-strategist

Answer 39

long lived, larger body size, produce few seeds, parental care is seen, mortality relates to density. - they are poor colonizers of new and empty habitats

Question 40

10.13 describe r-strategist

Answer 40

short lived, rapid development, small body size, produce many offspring, minimal parental care. - they are good colonizers and respond rapidly to disturbance

Question 41

11.1 define carrying capacity

Answer 41

number of individual organism the resources of a given area can support, usually through the most unfavorable period of the year

Question 42

11.1 define logistic model of population growth

Answer 42

expression for population growth curve in which rate of increase decreases linearly as population size increase

Question 43

11.2 define density dependence

Answer 43

regulation of population growth by mechanisms controlled by the size of the population; effect increases as population size increases

Question 44

11.2 density-dependent mortality

Answer 44

increase in mortality rate with increasing population size

Question 45

11.2 define density-dependent fecundity

Answer 45

decline in fecundity rate with increasing population size

Question 46

11.2 define density independent

Answer 46

being unaffected by population density; regulation of growth is not tied to population density

Question 47

11.3 define intraspecific competition

Answer 47

competition among individuals of same species

Question 48

define interspecific competition

Answer 48

competition among individuals of different species

Question 49

11.3 define scramble competition

Answer 49

intraspecific competition in which limited resources are shared to the point that no indivudla survives

Question 50

11.3 define contest competition

Answer 50

competition in which a limited resource is shred only by dominant individuals; relative constant number of individuals survive

Question 51

11.3 define exploitation

Answer 51

indirect competition

Question 52

11.3 define interference

Answer 52

direct competition

Question 53

11.4 define density-dependent growth

Answer 53

inverse relationship between population density and individual growth

Question 54

11.5 define self-thinning

Answer 54

progressive decline in density of plants associated with the increasing size of individuals

Question 55

11.9 define social dominance

Answer 55

physical dominance of one individual over another, usually maintained by some manifestation of aggressive behavior

Question 56

11.12 define allee effect

Answer 56

reduction in reproduction or survival under low population densities