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2024 SEM 2 ENV SCI (LEC) > ecosystem > Flashcards

ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

it is a community of diff living organisms in conjunction with the non living components of their environment, interacting as a system

A

ecosystem

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2
Q

it is a collection of all organisms that live in a particular place tgt with their nonliving environment

A

ecosystem

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3
Q

it is the scientific study of the interactions or relationships between organisms and the environment

A

ecology

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4
Q

what are the components of ecosystem

A

abiotic components
biotic components

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5
Q

what are the factors of the abiotic components

A

climatic factors
edaphic factors

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6
Q

what are the climatic factors

A

temp
wind
light
rain

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7
Q

what are the edaphic factors

A

soil
pH
minerals
topography

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8
Q

what are the biotic factors

A

producers (autotrophs)
consumers (heterotrophs)
decomposers (saprotrophs)

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9
Q

what are the different kinds of consumers

A

primary consumers
secondary consumers
tertiary consumers
quaternary consumers

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10
Q

what are the earth’s biomes

A

Lakes and rivers
Oceans
Wetlands
Grasslands
Agricultural and urbane areas
Desert
Tundra
Taiga
Temp forest
Tropical forest

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11
Q

it is connected to or produced by living things, particularly in terms of their ecological relationships

A

biotic

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12
Q

it is not derived from nor connected to living things.

A

abiotic

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13
Q

it is a collection of plants and animas that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in

A

biome

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14
Q

biome are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to shard _____

A

physical climate

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15
Q

when and who first used “biome”

A

1916 by Fredric E. Clements an american biologist

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16
Q

what did Frederic E. Clements describe?

A

he describe the plants and animals in a given habitat

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17
Q

an area’s biomes is determined mostly by its ____ (___ and ____)

A

climate
temp and precipitation

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18
Q

what are the 6 major land biomes and 2 water biomes

A

land biomes:
Rainforest
Deserts
Deciduous forest
Grasslands
Boreal forest
Tundra
water biomes:
Marine ecosystem
Freshwater

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19
Q

world’s largest land biome

A

taiga or boreal rainforest

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20
Q

it is the forest of the cold, subarctic region

A

taiga or boreal rainforest

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21
Q

what are some animals and plants found in taiga

A

animals:
moose
lynx
bears
wolves
foxes
squirrels

plants:
pines
oak
maple
elm trees

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22
Q

it is the coldest of all biomes

A

tundra

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23
Q

tundra came from the finish word, ____, which means ____

A

tunturi
treeless plain (no tree)

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24
Q

tundura are treeless regions found in the ____ and on tops of ____, where the climate is ____ and ____ and rainfall is ____

A

Arctic
mountains
cold and windy
scant

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25
Q

tundra lands are covers with ____ for much of the ____, but summer brings bursts of ____

A

snow
year
wildflowers

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26
Q

what are some animals found in tundra

A

wolves
reindeer
polar bears
arctic fox
arctic hare

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27
Q

it is covered by water for at leas one season

A

wetlands

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28
Q

wetlands are also known as

A

swamps or marshes

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29
Q

it provide habitat for thousands of species of aquatic and terrestrial plants and animals

A

wetlands

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30
Q

wetland plants are adapted to _____

A

water - logged soil

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31
Q

what are the types of biomes

A

Fresh water biomes
Aquatic biomes
Terrestrial biomes
Marine biomes zone

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32
Q

it is often named for major physical or climatic factors and for vegetation

A

terrestrial biomes

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33
Q

terrestrial biomes is characterized by ____, ____, ____, ____ and ____

A

distribution
temperature
precipitation
plants
animals

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34
Q

temperate rainforest is found in ____, ____, ____ and ____

A

eastern north america
northeastern asia
central and western europe

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35
Q

temperate rainforest receives more than _____ of rain per year

A

300cm (10ft)

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36
Q

most of the trees in temperate rainforest are ____ trees such as ____, ____, _____, ____ and ____

A

broadleaf
oak
maple
chestnut
beech
hickory

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37
Q

this type of terrestrial biomes is found in regions close to the equator

A

tropical rainforest

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38
Q

what is temperature and precipitation in tropical forest

A

warm and humid all year long ‘lots of precipitation

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39
Q

briefly explain the trees in the rainforest from several layers

A

Emergent - top layer. obtains constant sunlight
Canopy - a leafy roof formed by tallest tree
Understory - second layer of shortest tree and vines
Forest floor - contains decomposing plant material such as leaves, barks and stems

40
Q

understory plants grow well in ____ formed by _____

A

shade
canopy

41
Q

the forest floor is nearly ____ and only _____

A

dark
a few plant lives there

42
Q

what is the precipitation like in desert

A

low annual precipitation

43
Q

desert has little ____ and ____

A

vegetation
moisture

44
Q

this type of terrestrial biomes has a low fragile ecosystem

A

desert
(this means slow plant growth, low species diversity and lack of water)

45
Q

in the desert, many organism is only active at ____ when it is ____

A

night
cooler

46
Q

savannah is a mixed ____ ecosystem

A

woodland-grassland

47
Q

this is a transitional biome, not really a forest and not really a desert

A

savannah

48
Q

savannah can receive as much as ____cm of rain per year

A

120

49
Q

what can grow in savannah

A

grass
shrubs
small trees

50
Q

true or false:
there are “real” savannas such as in africa in the philippines

A

false - there is no real savannah inthe philippines

51
Q

this is a type of woodland characterized by a combination of dry soil, warm weather and short hardy shrubs

A

chaparral

52
Q

chaparral is dominated by ____ rather than grasses or tall trees

A

short woody plants

53
Q

chaparral is unique to ____ and ____

A

pacific coast
north america

54
Q

it is characterized as having grasses as the dominant vegetation

A

temperate grasslands

55
Q

what is absent in temperate grasslands

A

trees and large shrubs

56
Q

what is the precipitation like in temperate grasslands

A

highly seasonal

57
Q

temperate grasslands have ____ and ____ with some ___. and the grasses are adapted to ____ and _____

A

cold winters
warm summer
rain
droughts and fires

58
Q

grasslands are many home to many of the _____ on earth

A

largest animals (elephant, giraffe)

59
Q

what helps maintain the grasslands

A

grazing by large herbivores (feed on grass) fr ex: cow, sheep, cattle, horse

60
Q

what are the types of aquatic biomes

A

aquatic zonation
aquatic organism

61
Q

water can be divided into zones based on water depth (amt. of sunlight) and distance from shoreline

A

aquatic zonation

62
Q

briefly explain and identify the different aquatic organisms

A

plankton - lives in water. cannot propel themselves through water (bacteria, algae)
nekton - lives in water. can propel by swimming
(invertebrates - shrimp
vertebrates - fish)
benthos - lives on surface below a body of water (sponges, clam, sea stars)

63
Q

this type of biomes is where aquatic biomes are found in the salt water of the ocean

A

marine biomes zone

64
Q

what are the major marine biomes

A

neritic
oceanic
benthic

65
Q

this major biomes occurs in the ocean water over the continental shelf

A

neritic biomes

66
Q

it extends from the low-tide water line to the edge of the continental shelf

A

neritic biomes

67
Q

what types of aquatic organism can be found in the neritic biomes

A

phytoplankton

68
Q

this major biomes is a biotic community that is present in the open ocean

A

oceanic zone

69
Q

this major biomes is the lowest ecological zone in a water body, and usually involves the sediments at the seafloor

A

benthic biomes

70
Q

what type of organism lives in the benthic zone

A

benthos/ benthic organisms

71
Q

this is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals

A

coral reef

72
Q

coral reef is formed by ___ held tgt by ___

A

colonies of coral polyps
calcium carbonate

73
Q

fresh water biomes is a standing freshwater biomes which are ____ which means water are not flowing in a ____ or ____

A

stagnat
stream
current

74
Q

what are the examples of fresh water biomes

A

lakes
ponds

75
Q

it is where freshwater meets saltwater of the ocean

A

estuary

76
Q

estuary is where ____ mixes with ____

A

freshwater
saltwater

77
Q

this type of lake zonation is close to the shore/ bank

A

littoral zone

78
Q

what is the rate of light penetration penetrating in littoral zone

A

high light penetration

79
Q

what organisms are found in the littoral zone

A

phytoplankton and floating organism

80
Q

photosynthesis occur in which lake zonation

A

limnetic zone

81
Q

this type of lake zonation is the top layer of lake water away from the shore and cover’s much of the lake surface

A

limnetic zone

82
Q

this type of lake zonation is found near the bottom of the lake

A

profundal zone

83
Q

what type of organism found in the profundal zone

A

consumers
decomposers

84
Q

in profundal zone, are there light penetrating?

A

no light penetrating = no producers (aka plant)

85
Q

describe the biodiversity in the profundal zone and littoral zone

A

profundal zone- low biodiversity
littoral zone- high productivity, high biodiversity

86
Q

this type of lake zonation is at the bottom of the lake and completely dark

A

benthic zone

87
Q

what type of organism are found in benthic zone

A

decomposers
organism (crayfish, snails)

88
Q

this type of biomes is where freshwater that moves

A

running fresh water biomes

89
Q

what are an example of running fresh water biomes

A

streams
rivers

89
Q

____ is smaller than a _____ because a ____ is _____ throughout the earth

A

ecosystem
biomes
biomes
distributed

89
Q

what type of organisms found in running fresh water biomes

A

algae
plants
consumers

90
Q

what is the difference between biome and ecosystem

A

biomes are large, geographically defined regions with similar climate and vegetation, encompassing multiple ecosystems.
ecosystems are localized communities of living organisms and their interactions within a specific area, often found within biomes.

90
Q

what are several factors that influence climate

A

latitude
geographic features
atmospheric processes disseminate heat and moisture

90
Q

a major factor in determining types of life that reside in a particular home

A

climate

90
Q

true or false:
the exact no. of biomes in this world is still not known and keeps on varying

A

true

2024 SEM 2 ENV SCI (LEC) (13 decks)

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