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2024 SEM 2 ENV SCI (LEC) > population biology > Flashcards

population biology Flashcards

1
Q

a group of interacting organisms of the
same species living in a particular space

A

Population

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2
Q

Micro population:
Macro population:

A

Micro population: Aeta population (local population)
Macro population: human population

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3
Q

All the individuals of
a species that live
together in an area

A

Population

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4
Q

How to know one’s species in a population

A

Size - how many
Dispersion - interact w each other
Density - distributed/ dispersed

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5
Q

Briefly explain population dynamics

A

Study how and why population size changes over time
Study the factors affecting the growth, stability and decline of populations

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6
Q

What are the 3 phases that all populations undergo

A

Growth
Stability
Decline

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7
Q

It is the no. of individuals in a population

A

Size

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8
Q

What are the factors affecting the size of a population over time

A

Births - increase
Deaths - decrease
Migration
- immigration: live in a country that is not the country of origin
-emigration.: leave the country of origin and live someplace else

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9
Q

It is the no. of individuals per unit of area at a given time (example)

A

Density
(ex: 100 bunnies per acre of land in an island)

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10
Q

True or false:
Measuring density of population is a difficult task

A

True

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11
Q

It is used to estimate the size of a population where it is impractical to count every individual

A

Mark and recapture method

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12
Q

Briefly explain mark and recapture method

A

It captures a small no. of individuals, put a harmless mark on them and release them back into the population

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13
Q

It is the pattern of spacing among individuals within the geographic boundaries

A

Dispersion

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14
Q

What are the 3 general patterns of dispersion

A

Clumping
Uniform
Random
* most species live in clumps or groups

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15
Q

individuals in a population are clustered together, creating some patches with many individuals and some patches with no individuals

A

Clumped dispersion

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16
Q

occur when resources are concentrated in small areas within a larger habitat or because of individuals forming social groups

A

Clumped dispersion

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17
Q

Individuals of a population are spaced more or less evenly

A

Uniform dispersion

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18
Q

Uniform dispersion is a result of interactions between individuals like ____ and ____ . It occurs where individuals must compete for a _____

A

Competition and territory
limiting resource

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19
Q

Individuals are distributed randomly, without a predictable pattern

A

Random dispersion

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20
Q

Examples of random dispersion

A

Dandelions and other plants that have wind-dispersed seeds

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21
Q

It explains how fast a given population grows

A

Population growth rate

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22
Q

How does population growth rate is being measured in different ways

A

Microorganisms (provide direct measure)
Plants/ animals (estimate population sizes and growth rates)

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23
Q

What are the 2 kinds of population growth

A

Exponential growth
Logistic growth

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24
Q

“J”-shaped population growth pattern

A

Exponential growth

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25
Q

”S”-shaped population growth pattern

A

Logistic growth

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26
Q

Population growth usually stops due to ______

A

Lack of resources
- food
- water
- shelter
- space

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27
Q

True or false:
Population growth usually stops due to build up of waste products which poison the organisms

A

True

28
Q

It is the number of organism of one species that an environment can support

A

Carrying capacity ( s-shaped growth)

29
Q

This growth is slow at first because the no. Of reproducing organism is small

A

Exponential growth (j-shaped curve)

30
Q

What is the strategist for
J:
S:

A

J: “r” strategist
S: “k” strategist

31
Q

What are the living conditions and environment in
R strategist:
K strategist:

A

R strategist: unstable and unpredictable enviro
K strategist: more stable enviro

32
Q

Which growth pattern produces more offspring

A

J-shaped population growth patterns (r strategist)

33
Q

What are some examples in
J-shaped:
S-shaped:

A

J-shaped: dogs cats insects fish
S-shaped: humans lions whales

34
Q

What are the 2 types of limiting factors

A

Density dependent factor
Density independent factors

35
Q

What are the population relationships in density dependent factor

A

Prey-predator relationship
Competition
Disease

36
Q

prey relationships often show a cycle of population increases and decreases over time

A

Predator

37
Q

How does high density affect the environment

A

Crowding cause stress
= decrease in population size

38
Q

What are some density-independent factors

A

Severe storms and flooding
Sudden unpredictable severe cold spells
Earthquake and volcanoes
Catastrophic meteorite impacts

39
Q

true or false:
populations growth and speed is usually linear

A

false - not

40
Q

briefly explain
Density dependent factors
Density independent factors

A

Density dependent factors:
limiting factors that bcm more intense as the population density increases (overcrowding and competition)
Density independent factors:
limiting factors that can cause popu decline or growth but impact is not directly related to hoe crowded/ sparse the population is (external enviro that affects popu regardless of its size and density)

41
Q

why did the industrial revolution increase population size

A

due to advances in medicine, technology and cleanliness

42
Q

how does industrial revolution helped in food production

A

by leading to an increase in pesticides and fertilizer use

43
Q

true or false:
the human population increased relatively slowly until about 1600 and then began to decline slowly

A

false - until abt 1650 and then GROW exponentially

44
Q

it is a model that states that the population will eventually stop growing when the country transitions from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and death rates, stabilizing the population.

A

demographic transition

45
Q

population change is governed by the balance between ____ and ____

A

birth rates and death rates

46
Q

what happens if the birth rate stays the same and the death rate decreases

A

population numbers will grow

47
Q

what happens if the birth rate increases and the death rate stays the same

A

population numbers will grow

48
Q

most of the current global population growth is concentrated in _____ countries

A

developing

world’s current population growth is happening in developing countries, rather than developed nations

49
Q

what is more a factor of industrialized nations, death rates or increasing birth rates

A

death rates (life expectancy keeps increasing )

death rate is higgh in industrilized nation

50
Q

what is zero population growth

A

birth rate equals death rate

51
Q

true or false:
It is very difficult for ecologists to calculate human carrying capacity.

A

true

52
Q

refers to the maximum number of individuals of a particular species (in this case, humans) that the Earth’s resources can sustain indefinitely without causing irreversible damage or degradation to the environment and ecosystems

A

global carrying capacity

53
Q

briefly explain global carrying capacity

A

an estimate of how many people the planet Earth can support with the available natural resources, living space, and ability to recycle waste products without depleting or destroying those resources beyond recovery

54
Q

estimates involve making predictions about future trends in demography, resource availability, technological advances and economic development

A

carrying capacity

55
Q

true or false:
the carrying capacity of Earth for humans is certain

A

false - uncertain

56
Q

what is the average estimate of the carrying capacity of Earth for human

A

10-15 billion people

57
Q

it is the study of human population growth characteristics

A

demography

58
Q

what is one important demographic factor in present and future growth trends in a country

A

age structure

59
Q

it is the relative number of individuals at each age

A

age structure

60
Q

what is the infant mortality rate in industrialized countries and less-industrialized countries

A

less-industrialized countries have a greater infant mortality rate than industrialized countries

61
Q

what is the life expectancy in industrialized countries and less-industrialized countries

A

industrialized countries has greater life expectancy than less-industrialized countries

62
Q

briefly explain immigration and emigration

A

immigration: live in a country that is not the country of origin
emigration.: leave the country of origin and live someplace else

63
Q

from year 2009 to 2020, has the Philippine population been growing or declining over these years?

A

growing

64
Q

what is the ph population in Dec 2020, Dec 2019 and Dec 1950

A

109.6 million people in 2020
108.1 million people in 2019
18.6 million people in 1950

65
Q

ph population data is updated _____ and available from ____ to ____

A

yearly
available from Dec 1950 to Dec 2020.

66
Q

it is the study of how various factors impact population growth, rates of survival and reproduction, and risk of extinction

A

population ecology

( understand how populations fluctuate, how they respond to environmental changes, and how they interact with other species in an ecosystem )

2024 SEM 2 ENV SCI (LEC) (13 decks)

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