ecosystem and ecological interactions

Question 1

define energy flow

Answer 1

the flow of energy through living organism withing an ecosystem

Question 2

what are the first 4 stages of energy transfer

Answer 2

1st stage: producers
2nd stage: primary consumers
3rd stage: secondary consumers
4th stage: tertiary consumers

Question 3

it is the relative position of any entity in the food chain

Answer 3

trophic level

Question 4

how many tropic levels does all food webs and chains have at leasth

Answer 4

2 or 3

Question 5

autotrophs
auto =
trophe =

Answer 5

auto = self
trophe = food/ nourishment/ nutrition

Question 6

heterotrophs
hetero =
trophe =

Answer 6

hetero = others
trophe = food/ nourishment/ nutrition

Question 7

this tropic level depends on the producers for nourishments (examples)

Answer 7

heterotrophs (animals, humans, non-photosynthetic plants aka parasitic plants) - they are consumers in the food chain

Question 8

this tropic level can reduce their own food source (examples)

Answer 8

autotrophs (grass, wheat, algae, phytoplankton)

Question 9

organisms that mostly feed on plants

Answer 9

herbivore

Question 10

organisms that mostly eats meat, or the flesh of animals

Answer 10

carnivore

Question 11

organisms that eats food of both plant and animal origin

Answer 11

omnivore

Question 12

microbiological pathogens destroyer found in human blood stream (example)

Answer 12

microbivore (flagellates, protozoa)

Question 13

animal which feeds on dead organic
material (examples)

Answer 13

detritivore (earthworms, millipedes)

Question 14

these are special heterotroph. microorganisms including detritivores, feed on decomposing materials to break down its components into simple molecules (examples)

Answer 14

decomposers (bacteria, fungi) - break down organic matter into simpler inorganic compounds

Question 15

involves the organism in different trophic levels in transferring energy

Answer 15

food chain

Question 16

food chain is the process of ___ and being ___

Answer 16

eating
being eaten

Question 17

what is the difference between food chain and food web

Answer 17

food chain: shows a series of transfer of energy
food web: interconnecting food chains

Question 18

food web:
each living thing in an ecosystem is part of _____

Answer 18

multiple food chain

Question 19

it depicts show energy and biomass decreases from lower to higher trophic levels

Answer 19

ecological pyramid

Question 20

symbíōsis in greek =
syn =
bíōsis=

Answer 20

symbíōsis in greek = living tgt
syn = tgt
bíōsis=living

Question 21

symbíōsis is also classified as _____

Answer 21

physical attachment

Question 22

what is symbiotic relationship

Answer 22

biological relationship or interaction btwn organisms

Question 23

mutualism is also known as

Answer 23

mutualistic symbiosis

Question 24

an interspecific interaction that benefits both species

Answer 24

mutualism

Question 25

briefly explain the 4 types of mutualism (examples)

Answer 25

Defensive:
for protection

Obligate:
one cannot survive without resorting mutualism to other

Protocooperation:
can live independently but can provide benefits to both (bees and plants)

Endosymbiosis and Ectosymbiosis:
participants live on the other’s surface
organism lives inside the body or cells of another organism (sea anemone and clownfish)

Question 26

define commensalism

Answer 26

one species benefits and other is not affected

Question 27

it derives its nourishment from host which is harmed in the process

Answer 27

parasitism

Question 28

briefly explain the different types of parasites

Answer 28

Obligate parasitism:
life cycle depends on host
Facultative parasitism:
organisms can be a free-living but can be parasitic when given the opportunity
Ectoparasitism:
parasitic participants live outside or on host’s body
Endoparasitism:
parasitic participant lives within the host

Question 29

one is harmed when both are trying to use the same resources related to growth , reproduction or survivability

Answer 29

competition

Question 30

what is the difference between interspecific and intraspecific

Answer 30

Interspecific: participants are from the different species
Examples: Predation between snakes and mice
Intraspecific: participants are from the same species
Examples: A fight between two lions over territory

Question 31

strong competition can lead to _____ or _____ of one of the 2 competing species

Answer 31

competitive exclusion -
one species outcompetes another over the same resources until the inferior competitor is excluded

local elimination -
a species disappears from or is eliminated from one local habitat but continues to exist in other habitats