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Ecosystems (unit B) Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

what are the levels of orgainization

A

Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

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2
Q

how many things are in a population

A

its a single group of species

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3
Q

how many things are in a community

A

2 or more groups of species

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4
Q

what makes an ecosystem

A

a group with living and non-living speices

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5
Q

what do ecologists study

A

study communities and interactions between species and how that effects population

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6
Q

what is abiotic

A

non - living

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7
Q

what is biotic

A

living

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8
Q

what is a ecotone

A

transition between two different ecosystems (then has greater biodiversity)

ex inbetween the water and the land

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9
Q

what does terresterial ecosystem stand for

A

land ecosystem

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10
Q

what does a broad niche mean

A

can have varity food and be in many different enviorments

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11
Q

what does a narrow niche mean

A

speices can only live in specific enviorment with specific food

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12
Q

what are the 2 type of competition in a ecosystem called

A

intrspespecies- competition between same species

interspecies -competition between different species

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13
Q

what is a invasie species

A

one that tries to out compete food sources

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14
Q

when animals all have different niches theres less..

A

competition

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15
Q

what is a biome

A

its a certain enviorment spieces live each biome has different temp, percipitation

ex ) desert, forest

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16
Q

what are some abotic factors that affect population size (terrestrail)

A
  • soil
  • availability of water
  • sunlight
  • tempature
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17
Q

how does soil affect biotic population

A

quality and amount of soil available will determine the size and health of the plant so biodiversity of whole ecosystem

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18
Q

what is acidic soil from

A

pineneedles

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19
Q

what is alkaline soil from

A

limestone

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20
Q

what is avalibility of water dependent on

A
  • Amount and type of precipitation (rain or snow)
  • How long it stays in the upper layers of the soil
  • How much collects beneath the soil
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21
Q

how does temp affect evaporation rate

A

higher the temperature, faster the evaporation rate (less water in soil)

lower temp less evaporation

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22
Q

what are the 4 things that population is regulated by

A
  • biotic potential
  • limiting factors
  • carryying capacity
  • limits of tolerance
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23
Q

what is biotic potentials 4 factors

A

Birth Potential: max offspring per birth (ex. Humans - 1)

Capacity for Survival: # of offspring that reach reproductive age (sea turtles)

Breeding Frequency: # of times species reproduce each year

Length of Reproductive Life: age of sexual maturity and # of years capable of reproduction

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24
Q

what is biotic potential

A

its maximum potential population can grow if there was NO limits

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25
what are limiting factors
factors preventing populations from reaching their full biotic potential like food and water or tempature
26
what is carrying capacity
maximum population size that can be sustained by avalible reasources
27
describe the littoral zone in a lake
has lots of sunlight and is close to shore and goes out and has plants in this section
28
describe the limnetic zone in a lake
its farther out in the lake then the littoral zone and has quite a bit of light
29
describe the profundal zone in a lake
it has no light and is the deep section in a lake, no photosynthisis so no plants - the only nutrients there is decaying matter which is called detritus thats fallon from the limnetic zone
30
what is the benthic zone in a lake
its the bottom of the lake like floor and thats where bacteria decomposes lower o2 level so barley no fish can survive there
31
what is the shallowest to deepest area in lake
- littoral zone - limnetic zone - profundal zone - benthic zone
32
what are the 4 things htat affect aquatic ecosystems
- chemical enviorment - light levels (sunlight) -temperature - water pressure
33
what are chemicals 3 jobs
- to make up the aquatic water type either salt or fresh - the amout of o2 dissolved - other dissolved minerals like phosphorus and nitrogen that lead to plant growth
34
what is waters ability to hold oxygen depentent on ? why doesnt all water have the same amout of dissolved oxygen?
because oxygen is dependent on the tempture of the water the warmer water the mre itll dissolve the colder it is the less soluble it is
35
what does tempature and sunlight have to do with the water
the more shallow gets more sunlight and is warmer = more dissolved oxygen and allows more photosynthisis
36
what does water pressure affect
- more pressure in lower areas in the lake and people have more diffulculty moving up and down
37
traits of lakes in the winter time
- water cools below 4 degrees and is less dense (so layers form because some more density) - ice and snow on top are like insulators that helps oxygen from dissolving because of cold tempature -less sun and less photosynthis
38
what are the 4 layers formed within winter lakes
- ice at the very top - epilimnion which is the upper layer bellow ice - thermocline is under epilmnion and between cold and warm water -hypolimnion is the lowest and coldest around 4 degrees
39
traits of spring lakes
-melting occurs and that allows the oxygen to pass in the air to the lake - more winds cause more waves which help dissolving the oxygen (turnover the cold hypolimnion layer becomes same and epilmnion)
40
traits of summer lakes
- surface ( top) warms higher then 4 degrees and closer to the top is less dense water - closer to the bottem has denser water - epilmnion and hypolimnion are same tempature and dont mix and little o2 movment
41
layers that form in summer lake
epilmnion thermocline hypolimnion
42
what is between any two ecosystems
an ecotone
43
is density higher higher in warmer or colder wate
in cold water
44
what is biotic potential def
the maximum number of offsprings that a specie can prodices if thre was no limitations
45
what are the 4 factors biotic potential is regulated by
- birth potential (max offsprings per birth) - capacity for survival (number offsprings when reach a reproductive age) - breeding frequency ( number of times epecies reprodice each year) - length of reproductive life ( age sexual maturity when you can have children)
46
what are forrest crutial climates for recycling
water and co2
47
what are 4 forest practices used
slash and burn- complete clearing forest used for agerculture clear cutting - removal of all trees in the area selective cutting - only certiain trees removed prescribed burns - used controlled fires to put nitrients back into ground
48
some benifits to fire in forests (terrestrial ecosystem)
pioneer species flourish increases biodiversity clears dead wood from the forest floor much faster kickstarting regeneration
49
what are the two types of lakes
oliigotrophic (deep cold by mountains) eutrophic (shallow warmer)
50
what are traits of a oiltrophic lake
very deep and cold low nutreint levels that limit population size clear water from limited types of orgainisms
51
what are traits of eutrophic lakes
shallow and warmer larger nutrient supplies murky water form large amounts photosynthic orgainisms
52
how do lakes go from low nutrient (oligotrophic) to higher (eutrophic)
by process eutrophocation low nutrients then eutrophication happpens and water dissolves nutrients that help plant growth then the water becomes eutrophic
53
Eutrophication
body of water becomes high in dissolved nutrients that start growth As dead algae decomposes, oxygen is consumed resulting in depletion of dissolved oxygen.
54
what type of things are thermal energy
electric generators
55
what type of things are inorganic solids and dissolved minerals
mining, fertilizer
56
what type of things are inorganic solids and dissolved minerals
mining, fertilizer
57
what are indicators of water quality
bacteria, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (bod)
58
bacteria indicator in water
- presence of coilform shows animal waste in water polluting it
59
lakes that are colder have lower or higher levels of oxygen
cooler lakes have higher levels o2 higher temperatures have lower o2 levels
60
what does BOD ( biological o2 demand) measure
it measures the amount of dissolved o2 needed by bacteria to completely break down matter over 5 days
61
things that increase BOD
1- more organisms and need more oxygen 2- more organic compounds/ waste 3- increase in fertilizers (more plants etc and more things need more o2) 4- increase in algae /plant growth

bio 20 (11 decks)

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