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Ecto Overview Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of ectoparasites?

A

Ectoparasites are parasites that infest on the host’s surface, typically belonging to the phylum Arthropoda.

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2
Q

Name some examples of ectoparasites.

A
  • Fleas
  • Ticks
  • Mites
  • Lice
  • True bugs
  • Flies
  • Leeches
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3
Q

What type of organisms can be classified as ectoparasites?

A

Ectoparasites include organisms from the phylum Arthropoda and Annelida.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Ectoparasite infestation occurs on the _______.

A

[host]

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5
Q

What are the two categories of ectoparasites based on their location on the host?

A
  • Superficial
  • Burrowing / hidden
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6
Q

What are the pathologic effects of ectoparasites?

A

Ectoparasites can cause tissue trauma and inflammation.

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7
Q

True or False: Ectoparasites can include organisms like tongue worms.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the role of ectoparasites in terms of pathology?

A

Ectoparasites act as causal agents that lead to tissue trauma and inflammation.

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9
Q

What are the pathologic effects of ectoparasites?

A

Causal agents include:
* Tissue trauma
* Inflammation
* Perforations
* Necrosis
* Produce venoms/toxins

Ectoparasites can cause significant harm to their hosts through various mechanisms.

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10
Q

What are the types of intermediate hosts for ectoparasites?

A

Types include:
* Protozoa
* Helminths
* Vectors
* Various pathogens

Intermediate hosts are crucial in the life cycles of many ectoparasites.

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11
Q

What is the meaning of ‘Arthropodology’?

A

The study of arthropods, which are characterized by jointed appendages, segmented bodies, and an external skeleton

Arthropods include insects and their relatives.

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12
Q

What are the three basic characteristics of arthropods?

A

The characteristics are:
* Jointed appendages
* Segmented body
* External skeleton

These features distinguish arthropods from other animal groups.

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13
Q

What type of circulatory system do arthropods have?

A

Open circulatory system with hemocoel and hemolymph

Hemolymph serves a similar function to blood in other animals.

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14
Q

What are the main body parts of insects?

A

Insects have three main body parts:
* Head
* Thorax
* Abdomen

Each body part has specific functions and structures.

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15
Q

What is the respiratory system of arthropods characterized by?

A

Tracheae, which are air-filled tubes

This system allows for efficient gas exchange in arthropods.

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16
Q

What is the reproductive system of many arthropods?

A

Dioecious with oviparity

Dioecious means having distinct male and female individuals.

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17
Q

What subphyla are included in arthropods?

A

Subphyla include:
* Mandibulata
* Chelicerata
* Pentastomida

These subphyla represent the major groups within the arthropod phylum.

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18
Q

What is the term for ‘jointed foot’ in arthropods?

A

Arthropoda

This term reflects the defining characteristic of the phylum.

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19
Q

How many orders are there in the class Insecta?

A

9 orders

The diversity of insects is reflected in the various orders they are classified into.

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20
Q

What are the key classes within the Mandibulata subphylum?

A

Insecta

Insecta is one of the major classes within the Mandibulata subphylum, which includes various orders.

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21
Q

How many orders are there in the class Insecta?

A

9 orders

This number represents the diversity of insect orders within the class Insecta.

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22
Q

What are the main body parts of insects?

A

Head, Thorax, Abdomen

These three regions are essential for the structure and function of insects.

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23
Q

How many legs do insects have?

A

6 legs

Insects are characterized by having six legs.

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24
Q

What type of development do insects undergo?

A

Metamorphosis

Metamorphosis can be either simple or complex.

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25
What are the two types of metamorphosis in insects?
Simple, Complex ## Footnote These terms refer to the different developmental processes of insects.
26
What is the primary focus of Ectoparasite Basics?
Arthropodology ## Footnote Ectoparasites are primarily studied within the context of arthropod biology.
27
What are the characteristics of the Chelicerata subphylum?
Arachnids ## Footnote Arachnids include various species such as spiders and scorpions.
28
What are the two main types of Acarines?
Mites, Ticks ## Footnote Acarines are a group of arachnids that include both mites and ticks.
29
What are the key body parts of arachnids?
Capitulum, Idiosoma ## Footnote These parts are crucial for the feeding and body structure of arachnids.
30
How many legs do adult arachnids have?
8 legs ## Footnote Adult arachnids are characterized by having eight legs.
31
How many legs do arachnid larvae have?
6 legs ## Footnote The larval stage of arachnids typically has six legs.
32
What are the developmental stages of arachnids?
Egg, Larva, Nymph, Adult ## Footnote These stages represent the life cycle of arachnids.
33
What is the morphology of Pentastomida during development?
Pleomorphic ## Footnote Pentastomida exhibit a variety of forms during their developmental stages.
34
What is a notable feature of Pentastomida?
Mite-like ## Footnote Pentastomida share some morphological similarities with mites.
35
What larval form is associated with Pentastomida?
Annelid-like ## Footnote The larval form of Pentastomida resembles that of annelids.
36
What type of parasites does Arthropodology study?
Ectoparasites ## Footnote This includes various organisms that live on the exterior of a host.
37
What is the classification of Pentastomida?
Morphology ## Footnote Pentastomida includes tongue worms with specific morphological features.
38
What developmental stages do Pentastomida undergo?
Pleomorphic during development ## Footnote This means they can take on different forms at various life stages.
39
What is a defining characteristic of the morphology of tongue worms?
Mite-like ## Footnote They resemble mites in their appearance.
40
What are the larval characteristics of Pentastomida?
Annelid-like ## Footnote The larvae exhibit features similar to annelids.
41
What is the term for the juvenile stage of Pentastomida?
Nymph ## Footnote The nymph stage follows the larval stage.
42
What is the adult form of Pentastomida characterized by?
5 mouths ## Footnote This includes 1 mouth and 4 hooked claws.
43
What do tongue worms primarily inhabit?
Definitive host: Reptiles ## Footnote They primarily live in reptiles but can have variable intermediate hosts.
44
What type of hosts can Pentastomida have that varies, including humans?
Intermediate hosts ## Footnote The intermediate hosts can vary from reptiles to humans.
45
What type of organism is classified under Annelida?
Hirudnean ## Footnote This group includes leeches.
46
What is a key morphological feature of leeches?
Segmented ## Footnote Their body is divided into segments.
47
What is the body structure of leeches characterized by?
Thin flexible cuticle ## Footnote This allows them to adapt to their aquatic environments.
48
What type of environment must leeches be close to?
H2O ## Footnote Leeches require a moist environment for survival.
49
What are the two types of suckers found in leeches?
Ventral suckers: Anterior and Posterior ## Footnote The anterior sucker surrounds the mouth while the posterior is large and adhesive.
50
What locomotion methods do leeches use?
Stepping and swimming ## Footnote They can crawl and swim using their suckers.
51
What is the reproductive characteristic of leeches?
Hermaphroditic ## Footnote They possess both male and female reproductive organs.
52
Do leeches self-fertilize?
No self-fertilization ## Footnote They require a mate for reproduction.
53
What are the body parts of ceto parasites?
1 mouth, 4 hooked claws ## Footnote Ceto parasites are characterized by their unique mouth structure and claws.
54
What shape are tongue worms?
Tongue shaped ## Footnote Tongue worms are notable for their distinctive morphology.
55
What stages are involved in the life cycle of ceto parasites?
Egg, Larva ## Footnote The life cycle includes these critical developmental stages.
56
What is the definitive host for tongue worms?
Reptiles ## Footnote Reptiles serve as the primary hosts in the life cycle of tongue worms.
57
What are the intermediate hosts for ceto parasites?
Variable - humans* ## Footnote Humans can sometimes act as intermediate hosts for certain ceto parasites.
58
What is the classification of leeches?
Annelida ## Footnote Leeches belong to the phylum Annelida and are specifically classified as hirudineans.
59
What are the morphological characteristics of leeches?
Segmented, Worm-like, Thin flexible cuticle ## Footnote These features are essential for their survival and adaptation.
60
Where must leeches be located?
Must be close to H20 ## Footnote Leeches require a moist environment for their life cycle.
61
What are the body parts of leeches?
Ventral suckers, Anterior, Posterior ## Footnote The anterior sucker surrounds the mouth, while the posterior sucker is large and adhesive.
62
What locomotion methods do leeches use?
Stepping, Swim, Crawl ## Footnote Leeches can move using various methods including swimming and crawling.
63
What is the reproductive strategy of leeches?
Hermaphroditic, No self-fertilization, Simultaneous fertilization ## Footnote Leeches possess both male and female reproductive organs but do not self-fertilize.
64
What is the reproductive method of leeches?
Oviparity, Cocoons ## Footnote Leeches lay eggs in cocoons as part of their reproductive process.
65
What are some benefits of leeches?
Attach, Blood ingestion, Hirudin ## Footnote Hirudin is a substance that prevents blood clotting, aiding in blood ingestion.
66
What is a pathology associated with leeches?
Blood loss ## Footnote Leeches can cause blood loss in their hosts due to their feeding habits.
67
True or False: Leeches can self-fertilize.
False ## Footnote Leeches cannot self-fertilize; they require simultaneous fertilization with another leech.

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