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Large Animal Ecto Flashcards

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1
Q

What are true bugs classified under?

A

Coleoptera

Coleoptera is a large order of insects commonly known as beetles.

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2
Q

What do blister beetles produce?

A

Cantharidin

Cantharidin is a toxic compound that can cause severe reactions in horses.

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3
Q

What type of agent is cantharidin considered?

A

Cutaneous vesicant

A cutaneous vesicant causes blistering of the skin upon contact.

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4
Q

Which animals are highly sensitive to cantharidin?

A

Equine

Horses are particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of cantharidin.

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5
Q

What signs may indicate colic in horses due to cantharidin exposure?

A

Colic signs

Colic is characterized by abdominal pain and discomfort.

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6
Q

How can horses become sickened by hay?

A

Beetles accumulate in hay bales

Blister beetles can be ingested by horses when hay containing them is consumed.

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7
Q

What class do lice belong to?

A

Insecta

Lice are small, wingless insects that are ectoparasites of various animals.

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8
Q

What are the key characteristics of lice?

A

Wingless, three body parts, rounded/sharp head area, large mandibulate mouthparts, three pairs of legs

These characteristics help lice adapt to their parasitic lifestyle.

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9
Q

What orders are lice classified into?

A

Mallophaga and Anoplura

Mallophaga includes chewing lice, while Anoplura includes sucking lice.

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10
Q

What is the term for lice infestation?

A

Pediculosis

Pediculosis refers to the condition of being infested with lice.

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11
Q

What is the life cycle duration of lice?

A

3-4 weeks

The life cycle includes three stages: egg, nymph, and adult.

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12
Q

What are the three stages of lice?

A
  • Egg
  • Nymph
  • Adult
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13
Q

How are nits related to lice?

A

Nits are cemented to hair shafts

They are the eggs of lice.

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14
Q

What distinguishes nymphs from adults in lice?

A

Nymphs are similar to adults but progressively increase in size.

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15
Q

What is the largest stage of lice?

A

Adults

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16
Q

How is lice transmitted?

A
  • Direct contact
  • Fomites
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17
Q

What is a key method for diagnosing lice?

A

Visualization

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18
Q

What are the two main types of lice?

A
  • Mallophagan (chewing/biting)
  • Anopluran (sucking)
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19
Q

What are some examples of Mallophagan lice species?

A
  • Bovicola spp. (Damalinia spp.)
  • B. bovis
  • B. equi
  • B. ovis
  • B. limbatus
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20
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Mallophagan lice?

A
  • Pruritus
  • Hair loss
  • Rough, dry coat
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21
Q

What type of lice are Anopluran?

A

Sucking lice

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22
Q

What are some examples of Anopluran lice species?

A
  • H. eurysternus
  • Linognathus vituli
  • Solenopotes capillatus
  • Hematopinus spp.
  • H. asini
  • H. suis
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23
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Anopluran lice?

A
  • Pruritus
  • Anemia
  • Severe infestations
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24
Q

Are lice species specific to their hosts?

A

Yes

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25
What is the order of flies?
Diptera
26
How many wings do flies have?
2 winged
27
What type of metamorphosis do flies undergo?
Complete metamorphosis
28
What are the four stages of the fly life cycle?
* Egg * Larva * Pupa * Adult
29
Which flies are categorized as periodic parasites?
* Gnats * Mosquitos * Horse flies * Deer flies * Stable flies * Horn flies * Sheep keds
30
Who feeds on blood in flies?
Females only
31
What is larval invasion in flies known as?
Myiasis
32
What do flies feed on?
Body fluids
33
Which species of flies are known as no-see-ums?
Culicoides sp.
34
What is the intermediate host for Onchocerca cervicalis?
Flies
35
What condition is caused by Onchocerca cervicalis?
Sweet itch
36
What type of hypersensitivity is associated with saliva from certain flies?
Saliva hypersensitivity
37
Fill in the blank: The life cycle of flies includes _______.
Complete metamorphosis
38
What is a characteristic of female/male blood feeding parasites?
Permanent parasite ## Footnote These parasites spend their entire life cycle on the host.
39
What is the scientific name for sheep keds?
Melophagus ovinus ## Footnote Sheep keds are wingless and can cause severe pathology.
40
What severe conditions can sheep keds cause?
* Anemia * Wool damage ## Footnote Sheep keds do not lay eggs; instead, they deposit one larva.
41
How long does it take for a sheep ked to pupate?
Rapid pupation ## Footnote The life cycle of sheep keds includes adult emergence in 19-23 days in summer and 20-36 days in winter.
42
What is the pupation time after larva deposition for sheep keds?
7-22 days ## Footnote Adults mate in 7-12 days after emerging.
43
What are other body fluid feeding flies?
* M. domestica * M. autumnalis * Sarcophaga sp. * Blow flies ## Footnote These flies can cause larval invasion and facultative myiasis.
44
What is facultative myiasis?
Larval invasion by free-living larvae adapting to parasitic conditions ## Footnote This can occur in wounds, lesions, or unkempt hair.
45
What is fly strike?
Only dead tissues ## Footnote Fly strike can destroy tissues and is important to differentiate from screw worm.
46
What is an example of obligatory myiasis?
Cochliomyia hominivorax ## Footnote This species is reportable and has adults that are non-parasitic.
47
How do screw worms cause myiasis?
Eggs laid on fresh wounds ## Footnote Parasitic larvae enter the wound and feed on living tissue.
48
What is the feeding duration for screw worm larvae?
4-7 days ## Footnote After feeding, larvae drop to the ground to pupate.
49
What is the status of Cochliomyia hominivorax in terms of reporting?
Reportable ## Footnote This status is recognized at both state and federal levels.
50
What type of myiasis is caused by Heel flies?
Obligatory myiasis ## Footnote Heel flies are associated with the species Hypoderma spp.
51
What is the life cycle duration of Hypoderma spp.?
Approximately 1 year
52
Where do Heel fly eggs get deposited?
On leg hairs
53
What happens after the eggs of Heel flies hatch?
Larva penetrates skin and migrates through subcutaneous tissue
54
Which species of Heel flies migrate through the esophagus?
Hypoderma lineatum
55
Which species of Heel flies migrate through the spinal canal?
Hypoderma bovis
56
What is the final stage of the Heel fly life cycle?
Larva fall out, pupate
57
What type of myiasis is caused by Bot flies?
Obligatory myiasis
58
What is the scientific name for Bot flies?
Gasterophilus spp.
59
What is the annoyance factor associated with Bot flies?
Adults are non-parasitic
60
How does a horse become infected with Bot fly larvae?
By licking its legs where eggs are deposited
61
Where do Bot fly larvae migrate after penetrating the oral mucosa?
To the gastric cardia
62
How long do Bot fly larvae attach inside the host?
10-12 months
63
What happens to Bot fly larvae after they detach?
They pass in feces and pupate
64
What type of myiasis is caused by Nasal bot flies?
Obligatory myiasis
65
What is the scientific name for Nasal bot flies?
Oestrus ovis
66
Where are the larvae of Nasal bot flies deposited?
In the nostrils
67
What is the life cycle process of Nasal bot flies after larvae are deposited?
Larvae migrate to sinuses, pass in feces, pupate
68
What type of myiasis is caused by Heel flies?
Obligatory myiasis ## Footnote Heel flies are associated with the species Hypoderma spp.
69
What is the life cycle duration of Hypoderma spp.?
Approximately 1 year
70
Where do Heel fly eggs get deposited?
On leg hairs
71
What happens after the eggs of Heel flies hatch?
Larva penetrates skin and migrates through subcutaneous tissue
72
Which species of Heel flies migrate through the esophagus?
Hypoderma lineatum
73
Which species of Heel flies migrate through the spinal canal?
Hypoderma bovis
74
What is the final stage of the Heel fly life cycle?
Larva fall out, pupate
75
What type of myiasis is caused by Bot flies?
Obligatory myiasis
76
What is the scientific name for Bot flies?
Gasterophilus spp.
77
What is the annoyance factor associated with Bot flies?
Adults are non-parasitic
78
How does a horse become infected with Bot fly larvae?
By licking its legs where eggs are deposited
79
Where do Bot fly larvae migrate after penetrating the oral mucosa?
To the gastric cardia
80
How long do Bot fly larvae attach inside the host?
10-12 months
81
What happens to Bot fly larvae after they detach?
They pass in feces and pupate
82
What type of myiasis is caused by Nasal bot flies?
Obligatory myiasis
83
What is the scientific name for Nasal bot flies?
Oestrus ovis
84
Where are the larvae of Nasal bot flies deposited?
In the nostrils
85
What is the life cycle process of Nasal bot flies after larvae are deposited?
Larvae migrate to sinuses, pass in feces, pupate
86
What is the order that mites belong to?
Acarina ## Footnote Acarina is the taxonomic order that includes mites and ticks.
87
What family do Sarcoptes mites belong to?
Sarcoptidae ## Footnote Sarcoptes is a genus within the family Sarcoptidae.
88
Name a genus of mites that is known for causing pruritus.
Psoroptes ## Footnote Psoroptes is a genus known for its role in causing severe itching in affected animals.
89
What is the main clinical sign associated with mite infestations?
Pruritus ## Footnote Pruritus is the medical term for itching, which is a common symptom of mite infestations.
90
List some clinical signs of mite infestations.
* Self excoriation * Alopecia * Skin damage * Thickening * Scales * Altered pigmentation ## Footnote These signs indicate varying degrees of skin irritation and damage caused by mites.
91
What type of life cycle do mites have?
As in SA ## Footnote SA refers to a specific life cycle pattern seen in small animals.
92
What is the transmission method for Psoroptes mites?
Direct contact ## Footnote Psoroptes mites are transmitted through direct contact between hosts.
93
True or False: Psoroptes bovis is a species of mite.
True ## Footnote Psoroptes bovis is a species that affects cattle.
94
What is the genus of mites that includes Chorioptes equi?
Chorioptidae ## Footnote Chorioptidae is the family that contains the genus Chorioptes.
95
Fill in the blank: Chorioptes _______ affects goats.
caprae ## Footnote Chorioptes caprae is a species known to infest goats.
96
What are the common clinical signs associated with Chorioptes mites?
Pruritus and licking ## Footnote These behaviors indicate discomfort and irritation caused by Chorioptes mites.
97
What is a common diagnostic method for identifying mites?
Fecal flotation ## Footnote Fecal flotation can help identify the presence of mites in the feces.
98
Are mite infestations reportable?
Yes ## Footnote Mite infestations can be reportable at both state and federal levels due to their impact on animal health.
99
What is a characteristic feature of Psoroptidae mites?
Thick hair ## Footnote Psoroptidae mites are often associated with animals that have thick fur or hair.
100
What is the order that mites belong to?
Acarina ## Footnote Acarina is the taxonomic order that includes mites and ticks.
101
What family do Sarcoptes mites belong to?
Sarcoptidae ## Footnote Sarcoptes is a genus within the family Sarcoptidae.
102
Name a genus of mites that is known for causing pruritus.
Psoroptes ## Footnote Psoroptes is a genus known for its role in causing severe itching in affected animals.
103
What is the main clinical sign associated with mite infestations?
Pruritus ## Footnote Pruritus is the medical term for itching, which is a common symptom of mite infestations.
104
List some clinical signs of mite infestations.
* Self excoriation * Alopecia * Skin damage * Thickening * Scales * Altered pigmentation ## Footnote These signs indicate varying degrees of skin irritation and damage caused by mites.
105
What type of life cycle do mites have?
As in SA ## Footnote SA refers to a specific life cycle pattern seen in small animals.
106
What is the transmission method for Psoroptes mites?
Direct contact ## Footnote Psoroptes mites are transmitted through direct contact between hosts.
107
True or False: Psoroptes bovis is a species of mite.
True ## Footnote Psoroptes bovis is a species that affects cattle.
108
What is the genus of mites that includes Chorioptes equi?
Chorioptidae ## Footnote Chorioptidae is the family that contains the genus Chorioptes.
109
Fill in the blank: Chorioptes _______ affects goats.
caprae ## Footnote Chorioptes caprae is a species known to infest goats.
110
What are the common clinical signs associated with Chorioptes mites?
Pruritus and licking ## Footnote These behaviors indicate discomfort and irritation caused by Chorioptes mites.
111
What is a common diagnostic method for identifying mites?
Fecal flotation ## Footnote Fecal flotation can help identify the presence of mites in the feces.
112
Are mite infestations reportable?
Yes ## Footnote Mite infestations can be reportable at both state and federal levels due to their impact on animal health.
113
What is a characteristic feature of Psoroptidae mites?
Thick hair ## Footnote Psoroptidae mites are often associated with animals that have thick fur or hair.
114
What are the two families of ticks?
Acarina: * Argasidae (Soft ticks) * Ixodidae (Hard ticks) ## Footnote Ticks belong to the subclass Acari and are categorized into these two families based on morphological and behavioral characteristics.
115
What are the main characteristics of ticks?
Ticks are: * Blood feeders * Voracious * Disease vectors ## Footnote Ticks can transmit various diseases to humans and animals due to their feeding habits.
116
What types of diseases can ticks vector?
Ticks can vector: * Bacterial * Viral * Rickettsial * Protozoal * Toxic ## Footnote This includes notable diseases such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
117
What is tick paralysis?
Tick paralysis is a condition caused by certain Ixodid ticks. ## Footnote It results from neurotoxic saliva secreted by the ticks during feeding.
118
What are the four stages of a tick's life cycle?
The four stages are: * Egg * Larva * Nymph * Adult ## Footnote Each stage has distinct characteristics and feeding behaviors.
119
What feeding characteristic is associated with the larval stage of ticks?
The larval stage, also known as 'seed ticks', has 6 legs and requires a blood meal. ## Footnote This stage is crucial for the tick's development into the nymph stage.
120
What is the number of legs in the nymph and adult stages of ticks?
Nymphs have 8 legs and adults also have 8 legs. ## Footnote The transition from larva to nymph involves a significant morphological change.
121
What is the primary function of adult ticks after blood engorgement?
After blood engorgement, adult ticks lay eggs. ## Footnote This is crucial for the continuation of the tick life cycle.
122
How can ticks be diagnosed?
Diagnosis can involve: * Visualization * Otoscopic evaluation ## Footnote Visualization is often necessary for identifying ticks on hosts.
123
What does the term 'zoonotic' refer to in the context of ticks?
Zoonotic refers to diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. ## Footnote Many tick-borne diseases are zoonotic, making them a public health concern.
124
What distinguishes Argasidae from Ixodidae in terms of morphology?
Argasidae (soft ticks) have: * No scutum * Ventral mouth parts ## Footnote These morphological features make soft ticks less visible than hard ticks.
125
What is Otobius megnini commonly known as?
Otobius megnini is commonly known as the spinous ear tick. ## Footnote This tick is known for infesting the ears of animals, causing irritation.
126
What are the parasitic stages of Otobius megnini?
The parasitic stages include: * Larva * Nymph ## Footnote These stages are responsible for the irritation and discomfort caused to the host.
127
What symptoms can be caused by the infestation of Otobius megnini?
Symptoms can include: * Irritating sensations * Head shaking * Excoriated ears ## Footnote These symptoms are often a result of the tick's feeding behavior.
128
What are the two families of ticks?
Acarina: * Argasidae (Soft ticks) * Ixodidae (Hard ticks) ## Footnote Ticks belong to the subclass Acari and are categorized into these two families based on morphological and behavioral characteristics.
129
What are the main characteristics of ticks?
Ticks are: * Blood feeders * Voracious * Disease vectors ## Footnote Ticks can transmit various diseases to humans and animals due to their feeding habits.
130
What types of diseases can ticks vector?
Ticks can vector: * Bacterial * Viral * Rickettsial * Protozoal * Toxic ## Footnote This includes notable diseases such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
131
What is tick paralysis?
Tick paralysis is a condition caused by certain Ixodid ticks. ## Footnote It results from neurotoxic saliva secreted by the ticks during feeding.
132
What are the four stages of a tick's life cycle?
The four stages are: * Egg * Larva * Nymph * Adult ## Footnote Each stage has distinct characteristics and feeding behaviors.
133
What feeding characteristic is associated with the larval stage of ticks?
The larval stage, also known as 'seed ticks', has 6 legs and requires a blood meal. ## Footnote This stage is crucial for the tick's development into the nymph stage.
134
What is the number of legs in the nymph and adult stages of ticks?
Nymphs have 8 legs and adults also have 8 legs. ## Footnote The transition from larva to nymph involves a significant morphological change.
135
What is the primary function of adult ticks after blood engorgement?
After blood engorgement, adult ticks lay eggs. ## Footnote This is crucial for the continuation of the tick life cycle.
136
How can ticks be diagnosed?
Diagnosis can involve: * Visualization * Otoscopic evaluation ## Footnote Visualization is often necessary for identifying ticks on hosts.
137
What does the term 'zoonotic' refer to in the context of ticks?
Zoonotic refers to diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. ## Footnote Many tick-borne diseases are zoonotic, making them a public health concern.
138
What distinguishes Argasidae from Ixodidae in terms of morphology?
Argasidae (soft ticks) have: * No scutum * Ventral mouth parts ## Footnote These morphological features make soft ticks less visible than hard ticks.
139
What is Otobius megnini commonly known as?
Otobius megnini is commonly known as the spinous ear tick. ## Footnote This tick is known for infesting the ears of animals, causing irritation.
140
What are the parasitic stages of Otobius megnini?
The parasitic stages include: * Larva * Nymph ## Footnote These stages are responsible for the irritation and discomfort caused to the host.
141
What symptoms can be caused by the infestation of Otobius megnini?
Symptoms can include: * Irritating sensations * Head shaking * Excoriated ears ## Footnote These symptoms are often a result of the tick's feeding behavior.
142
What family do hard ticks belong to?
Ixodidae ## Footnote Ixodidae is the family that includes many important ticks, such as the Lone Star Tick and Gulf Coast Tick.
143
What is the morphology of hard ticks characterized by?
Scutum and chitinous plate ## Footnote The scutum is a hard dorsal shield that is complete in males and partial in females.
144
What is the Lone Star Tick scientifically known as?
Amblyomma americanum ## Footnote This tick is known for being a vector for Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF).
145
How many hosts does the Lone Star Tick require?
3 host tick ## Footnote This means it requires three different hosts during its life cycle.
146
What is the Gulf Coast Tick scientifically known as?
Amblyomma maculatum ## Footnote This tick also requires three hosts and is associated with ground birds and mammals.
147
What is a significant health issue caused by the Gulf Coast Tick?
Tick paralysis ## Footnote Tick paralysis can occur due to toxins produced by the tick while feeding.
148
What is the Texas Cattle Fever Tick scientifically known as?
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus ## Footnote This tick has been eradicated in the U.S. and is reportable to state and federal authorities.
149
How many hosts does the Texas Cattle Fever Tick require?
1 host tick ## Footnote This tick completes its entire life cycle on a single host, which is typically cattle.
150
What disease does the Texas Cattle Fever Tick vector?
Babesia annulatus ## Footnote Babesia annulatus is a protozoan that causes bovine babesiosis.
151
What are the stages of ticks mentioned in the text?
Larva, nymph, adult ## Footnote These stages represent the developmental phases of ticks.
152
True or False: The scutum is complete in female hard ticks.
False ## Footnote The scutum is complete in males and partial in females.
153
Fill in the blank: The Lone Star Tick is a vector for _______.
Rocky Mountain spotted fever ## Footnote RMSF is a serious illness transmitted by certain ticks.

Parasites (9 decks)

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