Education

Question 1

What does Durkheim believe?

Answer 1

Functionalist
Education teaches us about Social solidarity and specialist skills

Question 2

What is meant by the term social solidarity?

Answer 2

social solidarity- education teaches us to socialise and how to communicate with others to create a social solidarity

Question 3

What is meant by specialist skills?

Answer 3

specialist skills- modern industrial economies require people with specialist skills
- you learn specific skills depending on your field of work

Question 4

Critique of Durkheim beliefs of education

Answer 4

Marxists believe we do not have social solidarity
There is a great divide between the proletariat and bourgeoise and therefore not everyone is able to communicate

Question 5

What does parsons believe about education?

Answer 5

Functionalist
Believes that education is a meritocracy, it is up to the person to get the where they want to be (achieved status)

Question 6

Critique of Parsons beliefs

Answer 6

Bowles and Gintis
Marxist Myth of Meritocracy, people start in different places therefore some have to put in more effort for success

Question 7

What do Davis and Moore believe about education?

Answer 7

Functionalist
Role allocation- schools selects and allocate pupils to future work roles
- social inequalities are necessary to ensure important roles are filled by the most talented people
- this encourages competition
- education becomes a proving ground for ability

Question 8

Critique of Davis and Moores beliefs about education?

Answer 8

-school is not good for everyone as some people are hands on learners
- what even is considered an important role?

Question 9

What does Althusser believe about education?

Answer 9

Marxist
- argues that education has taken over from religion as the dominant form of ideological state apparatus
- education pushes students and prepares them for capitalism

Question 10

What do Bowles and Gintis believe about education?

Answer 10

Marxist
The correspondence principle
And the Myth of meritocracy

Question 11

Critique of Althussers beliefs of education

Answer 11

Marxist Willis argues that working class students do not simply absorb ideologies but often resist it forming anti school subcultures

Question 12

Critique of Bowles and Gintis

Answer 12

Functionalist Parsons believes that the correspondence principle is just subsystems working together to prepare individuals for their future and is seen as socialisation.
+ Willis believes that not everyone conforms to the principles trying to be taught (anti-school subculture)

Question 13

What does Willis believe about education?

Answer 13

Marxist
The lads, anti school subculture which contributes to capitalism as they go on to work as the proletariat

Question 14

Critique of Willis

Answer 14

Overlooks how some individuals break the cycle through alternative opportunities or social mobility

Question 15

What do Chubb and Moe believe about education?

Answer 15

New right
Marketisation of education which creates competition
Competition drives up standards of education
People are not actually free to choose as a result of money (travel costs and tuition fees)

Question 16

Critique of Chubb and moe

Answer 16

Competition doesnt always lead to better education, it also increases inequality, disadvantaged students are left behind.

Question 17

What do Gillborn and Youdell believe about education?

Answer 17

Policy
**A*-C economy **
Educational triage
Teachers focus
Hopeless cases are neglected by teachers because its assumed that they will fail

Question 18

Critique of Gillborn and Youdell

Answer 18

Assumes all schools and teachers prioritise results over student development

Question 19

What does Bartlett believe about education?

Answer 19

Policy
Cream skimming- taking top pupils
silt shifting- avoiding bad pupils
This can only be done by good schools with reputations

Question 20

Critique of Bartlett

Answer 20

Chubb and Moe believe that cream skimming and silt shifting is good because it shows that marketisation is working

Question 21

What does Molnar believe about education?

Answer 21

Policy
cola-isation of education
Private companies have more interest in having their products in school as schools provide a captive audience

Question 22

Critique of Molnars beliefs

Answer 22

This can be positive because it can provide good resources and opportunities for schools such as funding for programs or access to technology

Question 23

What does Sally Tomlinson believe about education?

Answer 23

Policy
Marketisation creates a huge focus on grades so students become more stressed

Question 24

Critique of Sally tomlinsons beliefs

Answer 24

Marketisation can provide students with more choices and opportunities to succeed. Competition can lead to better educational outcomes for students

Question 25

What does Stephen Ball believe about education?

Answer 25

Policy Marketisation leads to focus on grades so it becomes more stressful for teachers as there are high expectations **centralisation** national curriculum makes it easier to compare schools for marketisation

Question 26

Critique of Stephen Balls beliefs

Answer 26

Doesn’t consider how focus on grades can also be a positive things and can motivate teachers to raise standards and improve teaching practices

Question 27

What do Leech and Campos believe about education?

Answer 27

Policy ‘Selection by mortgage’, housing near successful schools are more expensive and excludes working class families who can’t afford to live there

Question 28

Critiques of Leech and Campos

Answer 28

This theory oversimplifies the issue by focusing only on house prices, ignoring other factors like school funding policies or parents choices beyond location.

Question 29

What does Gerwitz believe about education?

Answer 29

There are 3 types of parents **priveledged skilled chosers**- dont have to worry about money and have lots of knowledge **disconnected local choosers**- didn’t complete education, dont understand the education system **semi-skilled choosers**- working class but still had a good education

Question 30

Critique of Gerwitz beliefs

Answer 30

Gerwitz’s theory overlooks how the education system is designed to benefit the wealthy. It’s not just about parental choice, w/c families face structural barriers which reinforces inequality

Question 31

What is meant by the **correspondence principle**

Answer 31

There are corresponding features between school and the workplace such as - sets of rules to follow - uniforms and dresscode - hierarchy This is part of the **hidden curriculum**