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Sociology Paper 1 - Education > Education Policies and Inequality > Flashcards

Education Policies and Inequality Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of schools in the tripartite system?

A

Grammar schools
Secondary modern schools
Technical schools

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2
Q

When was the tripartite system introduced and under what act?

A

Education act of 1944 which was free for everyone

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of grammar schools?

A

MC
Academic curriculum
Access to higher education
Designed for academic students
Pass the 11+

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of secondary modern schools?

A

WC
Particular curriculum
Access to manual work
Failed the 11+

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of technical schools?

A

WC
Vocational education with those with specific talent who failed 11+

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6
Q

What is a criticism of the tripartite system?

A

Reproduced class inequality and the 11+ was culturally biased and MC kids had a better chance of scoring well because of cultural background and not intelligence

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7
Q

When was the comprehensive system introduced?

A

1965

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8
Q

What is the comprehensive system?

A

Labour governments wanted all children to have equal opportunities meaning they all went to the same schools so school facilities were upgraded to provide a broad curriculum and recreational activities

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9
Q

What is a criticism of the comprehensive system?

A

Reproduced class inequalities through streaming and labelling

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10
Q

What was the aim of the education Reform act 1988?

A

Reduce state control which raises competition between schools and gave parents more choice about their children education

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11
Q

What 5 policies were introduced under the 1988 education reform act?

A

League tables
OFSTED
Formula funding
Open enrolment
National curriculum

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12
Q

What are league tables?

A

Information about quality of schools where they were ranked depending on good GCSE’s

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13
Q

What did league tables achieve?

A

competition between schools and parental choice which raised standards giving them no place to hide from bad results

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14
Q

What is a criticism of league tables?

A

Gillborn and Youdell- schools adopt an educational triage to ensure good GCSE’s into those who will pass, those with potential and hopeless cases which creates class differences

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15
Q

What does OFSTED do?

A

Measures how schools perform and tell the schools successes and areas for improvement

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16
Q

What does OFSTED achieve?

A

Grades schools from outstanding to inadequate to make sure standards are improved which created competition and helps parents make informed choices on where to send their kids

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17
Q

What is a criticism of OFSTED?

A

MC parents have economic capital so can move to another area for a better school (privileged choosers)

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18
Q

What is formula funding?

A

Funding is based on pupil numbers so the more popular the school, the more funding they get

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19
Q

What does formula funding achieve?

A

Successful schools can have better facilities and raise standards whereas unpopular schools lose income meaning they find it harder to attract pupils and get less money

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20
Q

What is a criticism of formula funding?

A

Negative impact on students in underperforming schools as they don’t have the best facilities to achieve

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21
Q

What is open enrolment?

A

Parents have the right to send their child to the school of their choice rather than the one closest (parentocracy)

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22
Q

What does open enrolment achieve?

A

Encourages schools to compete as they have no guaranteed supply of students which raises standards meaning education is meritocratic

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23
Q

What is a criticism of open enrolment?

A

Myth of meritocracy- parentocracy is a myth and not all parent have the same choice based on class (Ball)

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24
Q

What is the national curriculum?

A

what children have to be taught which includes 3 core subjects and an agreed syllabus of other subjects

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25
Q

What does the national curriculum achieve?

A

Helps everyone have equal opportunities within education

26
Q

What is a criticism of the national curriculum?

A

Testing from an early age can lead to students labelled as failures at an early age which damages their future education

27
Q

What was the aim of the 1977 New Labour Reforms?

A

Promote diversity and choice and reducing inequality of opportunity

28
Q

What 5 policies did the 1977 new labour reforms introduced?

A

Academies
Specialist schools
Faith schools
EMA
ROSLA

29
Q

What are academies?

A

Schools that are sponsored by businesses who would pay extra money to the school instead of the local authorities as they were struggling in deprived areas

30
Q

What do academies achieve?

A

Create diversity and choice and are free from local authority constraints to raise the achievement of WC pupils and achieve social mobility

31
Q

What is social mobility?

A

Make their way up the hierarchy
Eg. university and get a professional rather than manual jobs

32
Q

What is a criticism of academies?

A

This is a way of privatising education which makes education about money not learning and don’t follow national curriculum

33
Q

What are specialist schools?

A

Schools that have a specialist status and do particular subjects

34
Q

What are examples of specialist schools?

A

Technology
Humanities

35
Q

What do specialist schools achieve?

A

Offers parents increase choice and raises standards

36
Q

What is a criticism of specialist schools

A

There is more selection which means schools can choose their pupils instead of accepting local children
MC benefit

37
Q

What are faith schools?

A

Schools that cater fir a specific faith

38
Q

What are examples of faith schools?

A

Catholic
Islamic

39
Q

What do faith schools achieve?

A

Increased parental choice
Provides diversity

40
Q

What is a criticism of faith schools?

A

Having separate schools for separate faiths segregates from other cultures which can lead to social tensions

41
Q

What is the EMA?

A

Educational maintenance allowance- £30 per week paid to students from low income backgrounds to encourage them to stay in education and provides bonuses who met their minimum target grade

42
Q

What does the EMA help to provide for WC students?

A

Books
Transport
Meals
As long as they have full attendance

43
Q

What is a criticism of EMA?

A

It didn’t encourage many pupils to attend school and stay on past the leaving age and higher tuition fees for universities undermines this

44
Q

What is the ROSLA?

A

Raising the school leaving age from 16-18 so no one became NEETs

45
Q

What are NEETs?

A

Not in education, employment or training

46
Q

What is a criticism of ROSLA?

A

\reduces choice for students and prolongs childhood and dependency on parents

47
Q

What 5 policies did the Conservative-led coalition 2010 introduce?

A

English baccalaureate
Academies
Increased tuition fees
Free schools
Coalition inequality policies

48
Q

What is the English baccalaureate?

A

Measuring how well pupils do in a range of core subjects and was used to restore high standards of qualifications to boost league table positions

49
Q

What is a criticism of the English baccalaureate?

A

This may reverse gains that have been made in keeping the interest of less academic students and disadvantages faith schools as this doesn’t include RE

50
Q

What are academies? (Conservative)

A

All publicly funded schools could become academies but they had more power to set teachers wages and moving away from the national curriculum which frees them from local authority control

51
Q

What is a criticism of academies? (Conservative)

A

Cutting out the local authority cuts out state influence which has a negative affect and OFSTED only inspect ever 5 years

52
Q

What are increased tuition fees?

A

Due to wider cuts in public funding universities have increased to £9000 per year ad the government will lend students the money for fees and they pay it back later

53
Q

What is a criticism of increased tuition fees?

A

The poorest students cannot afford to go into higher education

54
Q

What are free schools?

A

Schools set up by parents, teachers, faith organisations and businesses funded by the state which are free to attend and aren’t controlled by local authorities and have freedom

55
Q

What do free schools achieve?

A

Improve education standards and give power to parents

56
Q

What is a criticism for free schools?

A

Free schools only benefit parents who have cultural capital and earning power to take the time to create their own schools

57
Q

What are 2 coalition inequality policies?

A

Free school meals
Pupil premium

58
Q

Who can get free school meals?

A

Reception, year 1 and year 2 and disadvantaged children from low income backgrounds

59
Q

What is pupil premium?

A

Money that schools receive for each pupil from disadvantaged backgrounds

60
Q

What is a criticism of coalition inequality policies?

A

OFSTED found that schools were not spending pupil premium on those it is supposed to help

Sociology Paper 1 - Education (6 decks)

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