Theories

Question 1

What are the 6 theories?

Answer 1

Functionalism
Marxism
Neo marxism
Feminism
Social action
Postmodernism

Question 2

What are the 3 Functionalist concepts?

Answer 2

Organic analogy
Value consensus and social order
The systems needs

Question 3

Who is the theorist for the organic analogy?

Answer 3

Durkheim

Question 4

What does the organic analogy say?

Answer 4

Many things within society work together to perform a specific function in order for it to survive

Question 5

What is an example of the organic analogy?

Answer 5

Socialisation in the family and education acts as a bridge to show what is expected within society

Question 6

What does the value consensus say?

Answer 6

It makes social order possible by integrating individuals into the social system which helps people conform

Question 7

Who is the theorist for value consensus?

Answer 7

Parsons

Question 8

Who is the theorist for the systems needs?

Answer 8

Gail

Question 9

What are the 4 systems needs?

Answer 9

Goal attainment- encouraged to succeed
Adaptation- organising resources so people are matched to appropriate jobs
Integration- making sure people belong
Tension management- allows people to let off steam to keep them performing their roles

Question 10

What is the key study for functionalists and what does it say?

Answer 10

Durkheims suicide study- religion, gender and area are a factor for suicide

Question 11

What is a criticism of the functionalist theory?

Answer 11

Legitimates status quo
Fails to recognise free will and choice
Unscientific

Question 12

Who is the key theorist for the New Right theory?

Answer 12

Murray

Question 13

What does the New right theory say?

Answer 13

Traditional norms and values are important and concerned about non traditional norms being bad to do with gender roles, dependency culture and that education should run more like a market

Question 14

What are the 4 marxist concepts?

Answer 14

Ideology
Marxist feminism
Neo marxism
The state, revolution and communism

Question 15

What do marxists say about ideology?

Answer 15

The dominant group justify their position by controlling people as they own the means of production, which creates a false class consciousness

Question 16

What do Marxist feminists say?

Answer 16

Women subordination rooted in capitalism as women are unpaid homemakers so it doesn’t cost capitalism anything
Ansley- ‘takers of shit’
Women are source of cheap labour

Question 17

What do Neo Marxists say?

Answer 17

Proletariat develops its own counter-hegemony to win leadership but RC maintain dominance through coercion and consent

Question 18

Who is the Neo Marxist theorist?

Answer 18

Gramsci

Question 19

What do Marxists say bout the state, revolution and communism?

Answer 19

State protects the interests of the class owners made up of armed bodies of men but they are working towards a revolution to abolish the state

Question 20

What are the 5 different types of feminism?

Answer 20

Liberal
Radical
Marxist
Black
Difference

Question 21

What do liberal feminists say?

Answer 21

Women trying to achieve gender equality and that sex roles are due to a biological difference but gender is socially constructed and this can be through a cultural change

Question 22

What is a liberal feminist criticism?

Answer 22

Radical- over optimistic and we need a radical change within society and it isn’t as easy as they say it will be

Question 23

What is a liberal feminist solution?

Answer 23

Reformism- progress for equal rights without the need for revolution such as laws and a change in socialisation patterns

Question 24

What do radical feminists believe?

Answer 24

Society is patriarchal and all men oppress women which allows them to benefit from it, this affects power in relationships and roles within the family

Question 25

What is the radical feminist solution?

Answer 25

Separatism- living apart from men which creates female independence Political lesbianism- 'sleeping with the enemy'

Question 26

What is a radical feminist criticism?

Answer 26

Functionalists- institutions such as the family and religion are essential for the survival of society and benefit women not oppress them

Question 27

What is a marxist feminist solution?

Answer 27

Must overthrow the ideology of familism to end inequality

Question 28

What is a marxist feminist criticism?

Answer 28

Doesn't explain why it is women and not men who perform it 'sex blind' and working class men also suffer from this exploitation not just women

Question 29

What are the 3 social action theories?

Answer 29

Symbolic interactionism The dramaturgical analogy Labelling

Question 30

What is a social action theory?

Answer 30

The idea that structure and meaning helps society to function and we all have free will and need to find understanding within society

Question 31

Who is the main social action theorist?

Answer 31

Weber

Question 32

Who is the theorist for symbolic interactionism?

Answer 32

Mead

Question 33

What is symbolic interactionism?

Answer 33

We have free will to respond to signs and give an appropriate response and we learn to see ourselves how other people see us

Question 34

Who is the theorist for dramaturgical analogy?

Answer 34

Goffman

Question 35

What does the dramaturgical analogy say?

Answer 35

We take on different roles which are tied to our expectations others have of us and elements of our other roles and we do this by presenting a particular image and watch other people to adjust our performances

Question 36

What is frontstage?

Answer 36

The front of house where the action takes place and where the performance is given

Question 37

What is backstage?

Answer 37

Where the action occurs related to the performance but is inconsistent with it

Question 38

What are the 4 postmodernist concepts ?

Answer 38

Uncertainty Choice, class and identity Globalisation Hyper reality and simulacra

Question 39

Who is the theorist for uncertainty?

Answer 39

Lyotard

Question 40

What does the theory of uncertainty say?

Answer 40

One way of living doesn't exist anymore and there is nothing dominant such as the family meaning that all views are equal and there is now uncertainty as there is more freedom

Question 41

What does the theory of choice, uncertainty and consumption say?

Answer 41

We are now consumers that make our own choices and have our own identities and even those marginalised have a voice

Question 42

What does the theory of globalisation say?

Answer 42

Interconnectedness of different societies around the world has increased the pick and mix identity in a postmodern society

Question 43

What are the 4 changes of globalisation?

Answer 43

Technological changes Economic Political Cultural

Question 44

What is simulacra?

Answer 44

Replacing reality with signs and symbols

Question 45

What is a media saturated society?

Answer 45

The signs we consume we consume in the media appear more real than reality itself and substitute themselves for reality- creates a 'hyper reality'

Question 46

What is an example of a media saturated society?

Answer 46

Buying the nike brand because of the image of 'Air Jordan' even if they are more expensive than ones that have the same function

Question 47

What are criticisms of postmodernism?

Answer 47

Social structures are still very important within society and shape who we are such as Marxists and functionalists