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Sociology Paper 1 - Education > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

1
Q

What is primary data?

A

Collected first hand by sociologists

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2
Q

What is secondary data?

A

Information used by sociologists that has been collected by someone else

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3
Q

What is quantitive data?

A

Information in numerical form

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4
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Information in a written form goes more in depth

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5
Q

What are the 3 factors that influence choice of methods?

A

Practical
Ethical
Theoretical

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6
Q

What are practical factors?

A

Time and money
Funding bodies
Personal skills
Gaining access
Subject matter
Opportunity

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7
Q

What are ethical factors?

A

Informed consent
Confidentiality
Participants
Vulnerable groups
Covert research

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8
Q

What are theoretical factors?

A

Validity
Reliability
Representation

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9
Q

What are positivists and their characteristics?

A

‘the scientists of sociology’
Scientific
Objective
Large scale
Reliability
Trends/patterns
Representative
Quantitative

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10
Q

What are interoretivism and their characteristics?

A

‘the investigation journalists of sociology’
Non-scientific approach
Subjective
Validity
Verstehen
Qualitative

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11
Q

What are the 8 primary methods?

A

Questionnaires
Laboratory
Field experiments
Structured interviews
Unstructured interviews
Group interviews
Participant observation
Non-participant observation

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12
Q

What are the 4 secondary methods?

A

Official statistics
Documents
Content analysis
Sampling

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13
Q

What are the 4 ways questionnaires happen?

A

Telephone
Email
Post
Face to face

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14
Q

What is the study for questionnaires?

A

Census- Structured postal questionnaires sent by the government every 10 years to find out about the population and there is a legal requirement for each household to do it
Asks about income age and religion

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15
Q

What is a laboratory experiment?

A

A test set in an artificial setting

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16
Q

What is a study for laboratory experiment?

A

Milgram- Seeing if people would harm others when told to do so by a higher authority by increasing levels of electric shocks

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17
Q

What are field experiments?

A

Set in a real life setting

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18
Q

What is a study for field experiments?

A

Rosenthal and Jacobson- IQ tested pupils and told some that they were spurters and these made the most progress as the teachers labelled them positively

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19
Q

What are structured interviews?

A

A set of standardised questions

20
Q

What is a study for structured interviews?

A

Young and Willmott- Used to research extended families in east London with questions asked with limited range and took between 10-30 mins

21
Q

What are unstructured interviews?

A

Set of unstandardised questions

22
Q

What is rapport?

A

Establishing a good relationship between interviewers or researcher and their subjects

23
Q

What is verstehen?

A

Gaining empathy and understanding through their research

24
Q

What is ‘going native’?

A

Becoming and relating to a group that is being researched

25
Q

What is the Hawthorne effect or social desirability?

A

Making your answers desirable to the researcher or acting like you think the researcher wants

26
Q

What is a study for unstructured interviews?

A

Dobash and Dobash- Used statistics from police court records to find information on domestic violence victims which took 8 hours because they were in depth and found that marriage legitimates violence against women and men having authority

27
Q

What is the study for group interviews?

A

Willis-Wanted to know what impact their WC backgrounds had on educational progress and encouraged respondents to talk

28
Q

What is peer group pressure?

A

Participants may change their answers in order to fit in with the group

29
Q

What does covert mean?

A

Where the participants do now know about the research- undercover

30
Q

What does overt mean?

A

Where the participants do know about the research- researcher open about it

31
Q

What is the study for covert participant observations?

A

Humphreys- Men who participated in sexual activity in public and asked to take part in market research and found that 14% were secretly gay and other in heterosexual relationships who wanted secret sex

32
Q

What is the study for overt participant observations?

A

Barker- studied a controversial religious sect so attended meetings workshops and activities and found no evidence of brainwashing

33
Q

What is the study for overt non-participant observation?

A

Willis

34
Q

What are official statistics?

A

Secondary source of data produced by the government

35
Q

What is the study for official statistics?

A

Durkheim- studied suicide and compared suicide rates based on marital status, children, area and gender

36
Q

What is a personal document?

A

Written by individual for own purposes

37
Q

What is a public document?

A

Accessible to public

38
Q

What is a historical document?

A

Personal/ personal documents produced in the past

39
Q

What is the study for documents?

A

Anne Frank- Deep insight into how people were treated during the holocaust

40
Q

What is the study for content analysis?

A

Cohen- How the media presented mods and rockers and they exaggerated events

41
Q

What is content analysis?

A

A tool for researchers to easily determine the presence of certain words, themes or concepts

42
Q

What is random sampling?

A

Each person has an equal chance of being selected
Rosenthal and Jacobson

43
Q

What is stratified random sampling?

A

Sorting the individuals into groups by gender or age
Crime survey

44
Q

What is volunteer sampling?

A

Individuals come forward to take part in the research
Dobash and Dobash

45
Q

What is opportunity sampling?

A

/participants who are both accessible and willing to take part are targeted
Griffin

46
Q

What is snowball sampling?

A

Where one participant refers the researcher to another potential participant so the sample gradually gets bigger
Humphreys

Sociology Paper 1 - Education (6 decks)

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