Education T2, Internal Factors Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is Labelling?
To attach meaning/definition to an individual, eg. teachers may label students as intelligent or lazy.
Who coined the term of ‘labelling’ and how?
Becker interviewed 60 HS teachers and found they judged students based on how much they fit the image of the ‘ideal pupil’.
What was the AO3 of Becker’s labelling study?
In mainly w/c schools, the ideal pupil was quiet and obedient, defined on behaviour rather than ability, whilst in m/c schools the ideal pupil was based on personality and academic ability.
What was Rist’s labelling study?
He said that labelling occurs at the start of education, and found that in kindergartens, the fast learning students - tigers (m/c) were seated at the front of the class, and the slow learners - clowns and cardinals (w/c) were seated at the back and given less opportunity.
What is the Self Fulfilling Prophecy?
The idea that children internalise labels given to them by teachers, and this affects their educational success. It can be positive or negative.
What was Rosenthal and Jacobsen’s study?
They tested SFP by telling teachers that some students were ‘spurters’ and had potential to do really well after doing an IQ test. A year later they found that 47% of those randomly chosen ‘spurters’ improved significantly.
What is the criticism of labelling theory?
Too deterministic, it assumes all pupils will internalise the labels they are given, but this is incorrect.
What is Streaming?
Putting children into ability groups called ‘streams’ then teaching them all differently based on that ability. It usually leads to SFP.
Who said that w/c children are likely to be put in lower streams? Why?
Becker, because their teachers have low expectations of them.
What is the A-C Economy?
Gillborn and Youdell - Due to the publishing of league tables, schools want to attract good students who will make them look better. So schools sort students into an educational triage, seperating those who will pass anyway, C/D students who need additional support, and hopeless cases.
Who talks about Pupil Subcultures?
Lacey
What is the difference between Lacey’s Pro-school and Anti-school subcultures?
Pro-school, high streams, middle class, gain status through academic success.
Anti-school, low streams, working class, viewed as inferior. They gain status from their peers through smoking etc.
What would happen if streaming was abolished?
Ball - polarisation decreased. However, teachers still differentiated pupils through who was ‘ideal’ and who wasn’t.
Woods - pupils responded in multiple different ways, being a teacher’s pet (ingratiation), ritualism, retreatism and rebellion.
Who discusses ‘Nike Identities’ and what are they?
Archer. They are used by w/c pupils to gain status from their peers by dressing in similar ways, it allows students to build or lose symbolic capital.
How do Nike identities impact academic success?
They conflict with the school’s dress code and led to students being labelled as rebels. This negative labelling leads to underachievement.
What did Ingram find in his study about the relationship between w/c identities and academic success?
The grammar school boys were mainly m/c and had higher expectations, placing emphasis on academia. The w/c school hda lower academic expectations and placed focus on fitting in.
Why did Evans say that some w/c girls were reluctant to apply to university?
They were afraid they wouldn’t fit in and didn’t want to move away to study (link to fear of debt, Callendar and Jackson). TMT they limited their own success.
