Education T4, Gender Differences Flashcards
(19 cards)
What did McRobbie study?
Magazines from the 70s VS magazines from the 90s. She found that over time they stopped emphasising the importance of marriage, and instead portrayed strong independent women. These changes could influence young girls self image and ambitions.
What family structure changes have happened since the 1970s?
Increase in divorce, more family types, lots more women in work.
How has women’s employment changed since the 1970s?
1970 Equal Pay Act, more and more women are in paid work. Women are ‘breaking the glass ceiling’ and accessing higher level managerial jobs.
How have girls attitudes changed over time according to Sharpe?
1970s: had low expectations for themselves, prioritised marriage, love and children.
1990s: prioritised careers and taking care of themselves.
Who said that educational success became part of a girl’s identity?
Fuller
How do class differences impact girls aspirations?
Reay says that working class girls have limited aspirations because they only perceive certain jobs as being ‘available’ to them.
Give 2 examples of equal opportunities policies for girls.
GIST and WISE both encourage girls into non-traditional, scientific careers. Also, the National Curriculum in 1988 meant that boys and girls had to study mostly the same subjects.
Who says that coursework gives girls an advantage and why?
Gorard says girls are better at writing due to bedroom culture and mothers reading with them, so have an advantage when doing coursework.
How does teacher attention affect boys and girls achievement levels?
Francis - Boys get disciplined more harshly and feel picked on by teachers.
Swann - Boys dominate class discussions whilst girls prefer pair and group work.
How has marketisation impacted boys and girls achievement?
Jackson - High achieving girls are attractive to schools, whilst low achieving boys are not. This creates a SFP and girls achieve more.
How do Liberal Feminists view girls’ achievement?
Celebrate progress so far, encourage more progress thanks to equal opportunity policies and positive role models for girls.
How do Radical Feminists view girls’ achievement?
Focus on the negatives that are still in place, eg. sexual harrassment of girls at school, limited subject choices and career options for girls, underrepresented in the curriculum and as head teachers etc.
What are the 3 identities working class girls have according to Archer?
Hyper-heterosexual feminine identity, being loud and having a boyfriend. These help w/c girls to gain status from their peers.
How does class influence university choices for w/c girls?
They prefer to stay local (Archer) and mainly go to university to help their families (Evans).
How many childcare apprentices are boys?
1/100
What are ‘gender domains’ and who invented them?
Browne and Ross said gender domains are how society views cooking as ‘feminine’ and sport as ‘masculine’ stereotypically. Teaching children this at a young age can influence their subject and career choice later in life.
What did Leanord find about the subject choices of girls/boys in single gender schools compared to mixed schools?
Girls in all-girls schools were more likely to choose scientific subjects, whilst boys in all-boys schools were more likely to choose English or Languages. In mixed schools, these are less likely due to stigmatisation.
Who discusses the ‘male gaze’?
Mac an Ghaill
What did Connell say about language used towards girls VS boys who engaged in sexual activity?
There were many more words to put girls down compared to boys, who were more likely to be praised for their actions. Double standard.
