EEG

Question 1

Along with k-complexes, which of the following waves characterise the beginning of stage 2 sleep?

Answer 1

Sigma

Question 2

Delta frequency

Answer 2

1-4Hz

Question 3

Theta frequency

Answer 3

4-8Hz

Question 4

Alpha frequency

Answer 4

8-12 Hz

Question 5

Beta frequency

Answer 5

12-30 Hz

Question 6

Delta location

Answer 6

Frontally in adults and posteriorly in children

Question 7

Theta location

Answer 7

Generalised

Question 8

Alpha location

Answer 8

Posteriorly

Question 9

Beta location

Answer 9

Frontally

Question 10

Sigma frequency

Answer 10

12-14 Hz

Question 11

Gamma frequency

Answer 11

30-100 Hz

Question 12

Sigma location

Answer 12

Frontal and central regions

Question 13

Gamma location

Answer 13

No specific areas

Question 14

Theta is found in/demonstrates…

Answer 14

Young children, drowsy and sleeping adults (stage I) (Purves, 2001), with certain medications, meditation. Small amount seen in awake adults, excessive amount when awake may indicate pathology

Question 15

Delta is found in/demonstrates…

Answer 15

Slow wave sleep (stages III and IV) (Purves, 2001) and in babies. Should not be present when awake, when present if awake this strongly suggests pathology

Question 16

Alpha is found in/demonstrates…

Answer 16

When relaxed and when the eyes are closed (whilst awake). Also seen in meditation.

Question 17

Beta is found in/demonstrates…

Answer 17

When busy or concentrating

Question 18

Gamma is found in/demonstrates…

Answer 18

Seen in advanced / very experienced meditators

Question 19

Sigma is found in/demonstrates…

Answer 19

(aka sleep spindles) Bursts of oscillatory activity that occur in stage 2 sleep. Along with k-complexes they are the defining characteristic of stage 2 sleep

Question 20

EEG in Huntington’s

Answer 20

Low voltage EEG, in particular no alpha (flattening)

Question 21

EEG in delirium

Answer 21

Diffuse slowing, decreased alpha, increased theta and delta

Question 22

EEG in DTs

Answer 22

Hyperactive trace, fast

Question 23

EEG in Sporadic CJD

Answer 23

Early on there is non specific slowing, later periodic biphasic and triphasic synchronous sharp wave complexes superimposed on a slow background rhythm

Question 24

EEG in Alzheimer’s

Answer 24

Reduced alpha and beta, increased delta and theta

Question 25

EEG in normal ageing

Answer 25

Diffuse slowing, which can be focal or diffuse, if focal most commonly seen in the left temporal region

Question 26

EEG in encephalopathy

Answer 26

Diffuse slowing

Question 27

Clozapine effect on EEG

Answer 27

Alpha - decrease Beta - varied Delta - increase Theta - increase

Question 28

Lithium effect on EEG

Answer 28

Alpha - increase Beta - increase Delta - increase Theta - increase

Question 29

Lamotrigine effect on EEG

Answer 29

Alpha - decrease Beta - decrease Delta - decrease Theta - decrease

Question 30

Valproate effect on EEG

Answer 30

Alpha - decrease Beta - increase Delta - inconclusive Theta - inconclusive

Question 31

Typical absence (aka petit mal) EEG

Answer 31

Generalised 3 Hz spike-wave

Question 32

Atypical absence EEG

Answer 32

Slow (<2.5 Hz) generalized spike-and-wave

Question 33

Focal (previously known as partial) EEG

Answer 33

Focal spikes

Question 34

Myoclonic EEG

Answer 34

Generalized 3-6 Hz polyspike and wave discharge

Question 35

Generalised tonic-clonic EEG

Answer 35

EEG often obscured by artifact (movement). Generalized fast rhythmic spikes are seen in the tonic stage. Bursts of spikes and after-coming slow waves are synchronous with clonic jerks. A postictal period of irregular slow activity follows

Question 36

Atonic (drop attack) EEG

Answer 36

Generalized spike-and-wave is typical, with atonia at the time of the slow wave