EENT/Resp

Question 0

In newborns, what is the most common etiology of conjunctivitis?

Answer 0

Chlamydia

Question 1

bacterial conjunctivitis etiology

Answer 1

S. pnuemoniae, Haemophilis, Chlamydia

Question 2

Kawasaki disease tx

Answer 2

intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin

Question 3

When do you suspect Kawasaki disease? (2 factors)

Answer 3

below age 1 and above age 6

unexplained fever for more than 5 days

Question 4

Kawasaki disease hallmarks (4)

Answer 4

non-exudative conjunctivitis
erythema of the lips and mucosa
strawberry tongue
high fever

Question 5

confirm a corneal abrasion by using?

Answer 5

fluorescein stain

Question 6

tx for corneal abrasion?

Answer 6

topical antibiotics, followup in 24-48h

Question 7

bacterial infection of the nasolacrimal duct is?

Answer 7

Dacrocystitis

Question 8

Dacrocystitis etiology

Answer 8

S. aureus, S. pnuemoniae

Question 9

Dacrocystitis tx

Answer 9

oral and topical abx

Question 10

Acute Otitis Media txs (3)

Answer 10

Under 6 mo old: abx
6 mo-2 y/o w/ fever of 102.2: abx
2 y/o+ w/ fever and certain diagnosis of AOM: abx

Question 11

Otitis media w/ effusion tx?

Answer 11

None- time.

Question 12

Frontal sinuses develop when?

Answer 12

5 y/o

Question 13

Sphenoid sinuses develop when?

Answer 13

9 y/o

Question 14

Thrush risk factors

Answer 14

Use of broad-spectrum abx or inhaled steroids

Question 15

Thrush tx

Answer 15

Nystatin or oral suspension

Question 16

Bacterial pharyngitis tx?

Answer 16

oral penicillin

Question 17

Red uvula, petechiae, cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsilar exudate indicate?

Answer 17

Strep throat

Question 18

severe sore throat, high fever, unilateral tonsilar swelling is caused by what infection?

Answer 18

B-hemolytic strep

Question 19

Tx for peritonsilar abscess

Answer 19

IV antibiotics, drained by specialist

Question 20

etiology of viral croup (2)

Answer 20

Parainfluenza virus or RSV

Question 21

Treatment of mild croup

Answer 21

Cool mist, symptomatic

Question 22

Treatment of moderate croup (2)

Answer 22

Corticosteroids, nebulized racemic epinephrine

Question 23

dysphagia, drooling, distress indicate?

Answer 23

Epiglottitis

Question 24

What's important to remember about examining epiglottitis?

Answer 24

Don't use a tongue blade- can trigger respiratory spasms

Question 25

abrupt onset of cough, choking, wheezing in kids 12 mo - 4 years could indicate?

Answer 25

foreign body aspiration

Question 26

infection of the small airways

Answer 26

Bronchiolitis

Question 27

Tx for bronchiolitis (3)

Answer 27

B-agonist (Albuterol), nebulized epinephrine, RSV immunoglobulin

Question 28

Chronic cough w/ sputum

Answer 28

Bronchiectasis

Question 29

dilation of bronchi

Answer 29

Bronchiectasis

Question 30

thick, viscous secretions in the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestine, reproductive tract

Answer 30

Cystic fibrosis

Question 31

persistent, productive cough; hyperinflation on CXR

Answer 31

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 32

Cystic fibrosis tx (5)

Answer 32

``` antibiotics chest physiotherapy mucolytics steroids bronchodilators ```

Question 33

Respiratory distress w/in minutes of birth, tachypnea, chest retractions, etc

Answer 33

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 34

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome etiology

Answer 34

lungs aren't matured, lack surfactant ---> alveoli collapse

Question 35

infant respiratory distress syndrome prophylaxis

Answer 35

glucocorticoids given to pregnant mom

Question 36

Pneumonia etiology 1-12 mos.

Answer 36

RSV1

Question 37

Pneumonia etiology 2-5 y/o

Answer 37

Parainfluenza, influenza viruses

Question 38

Pneumonia etiology 5-18 y/o

Answer 38

bacterial

Question 39

paroxysomal cough, whooping sounds, post-tussive emesis, prolonged URI, lymphocytosis

Answer 39

Pertussis

Question 40

3 phases of Pertussis are?

Answer 40

Catarrhal, Paroxysmal, Convalescent

Question 41

describe the catarrhal phase of pertussis

Answer 41

URI, fever, 1-2 weeks

Question 42

the paroxysmal phase of pertussis is

Answer 42

classic symptoms, 2-6 weeks

Question 43

pertussis treatments

Answer 43

Erythromycin, Azithromycin

Question 44

Asthma diagnosis?

Answer 44

Spirometry and rule of 2

Question 45

Rule of 2 | re: asthma

Answer 45

using rescue bronchodilator more than 2x/week? more than 2x/month at night? refilling more than 2x/year?

Question 46

what is measured by spirometry for asthma dx

Answer 46

forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1)

Question 47

asthma tx

Answer 47

Albuterol | long-acting B-agonists like Salmetrol and Formoterol (never use these alone)

Question 48

reduce risk of SIDS by?

Answer 48

sleeping baby on the back, monitoring for infant overheating, and reducing maternal smoking/exposure to smoke