ELA Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
What is a genre?
A
a literary genre is essentially a category of books that share common elements and themes
2
Q
What parts can students break genres down into to help identify books by genre?
A
their common components, themes and elements
3
Q
What are folk tales
A
based on stories that originated as oral or spoken literature
Grimm brothers were German folklorists and linguists who assembled a collection of children’s folk literature
4
Q
What are nursery rhymes
A
typically sung or recited to young children
5
Q
What is fantasy
A
works that are often set in the imaginary world, and tell the stories of fictitious people and creatures
6
Q
What are the recurring themes in children’s literature
A
Humans vs Nature
Bravery and Cowardice
Change
7
Q
What century was the golden age for children’s literature
A
the 1800’s
8
Q
How exactly did Children’s literature morph from teaching morals to entertaining?
A
Expansion of the middle class
The development of children’s literature as a publishable genre
society’s changing attitudes towards children and childhood
9
Q
Many children’s stories derive from ________________ and, therefore, have origins that are difficult to trace.
A
The oral tradition
10
Q
What is dystopia?
A
An imagined society typically with an oppressive government, and a central theme of rebellion
11
Q
The type of young adult literature that has been called ‘Sick Lit’ usually deals with what subject?
A
depression and/or terminal illness
i.e. the fault in our stars or a little life
12
Q
What is the sweet spot for learning, not too frustrating and not too easy?
A
Zone of Proximal Development
13
Q
Why should children’s books be used in reading instruction
A
Reading to and with children increases vocabulary
14
Q
phonics and reading books are ________.
A
Equally important
15
Q
What are the four main literary genres?
A
Poetry, fiction, nonfiction and drama
16
Q
What are the two subgenres of poetry?
A
Lyric and Narrative
17
Q
What is a Narrative Poem?
A
on that tells stories in a poetic form
an epic is an example fo this
18
Q
What is Lyrical Poetry
A
poetry that expresses emotions rather than telling a story
19
Q
The word genre comes from the French, meaning:
A
kind or type
20
Q
What are fables?
A
usually feature animals with human characteristics and contain a moral lesson of sort
21
Q
What do fables, folktales, myths and legends have in common?
A
they are all forms of entertainment
22
Q
How do legends differ from myths and folktales?
A
legends are grounded in reality, but also include miracles or incredible events
23
Q
How is a memoir different from a biography?
A
Memoirs usually focus on personal memories and on specific experiences or periods of time.
24
Q
How do autobiographies and biographies differ?
A
Autobiographies are written by the person whose life is being discussed.
25
What is visualization?
the act of forming visual images in the mind
26
How is visualization an effective reading strategy?
helps readers to later recall what they are reading as the visualization allows them to create images with important details (made easier to remember)
27
How can visualization help with reading comprehension?
by supporting the recall of the text
28
What should you consider when visualizing?
Sounds, smells and sights
29
The successful implementation of writing is called...
Craft
30
Proficiency in reading and writing is:
Literacy
31
The sound of language is part of:
Phonics
32
What is contextualized vocabulary learning?
when word meanings are derived from context rather than through isolated study
33
What is Decontextualized Vocabulary Learning?
when words are learned outside of any association with their typical context
34
What are contextual clues
hits found through careful reading or listening to discern possible meaning of unfamiliar words
35
What does the STAR in STAR Model stand for?
Select, Teach, Activate, Revisit
36
Which of the following BEST summarizes the approach to teaching vocabulary recommended by researchers?
Immerse Students in Words
37
What is Tiered Vocabulary Instruction?
allows teachers to breakdown text for students into levels of understanding from basic to more complex.
38
How many tiers are there in Tiered Vocabulary Instruction?
3 Tiers
39
What does the first tier in Tiered Vocabulary Instruction?
includes basic, common words we use in conversation
these are the foundation to our language development
40
What is the second tier in Tiered Vocabulary Instruction?
specific to informational text and literature across the ciricula, and its used in a variety of modes
think a chameleon, because can occur in many places
41
What is the third tier in Tiered Vocabulary Instruction?
includes domain-specific vocabulary, particular to one content are or subject matter
these are like a specialist
42
Which tier of the Tiered Vocabulary Instruction model should teachers focus on the least?
Tier One, due to the basic nature of the words and they are typically already mastered
43
What is the purpose of a text?
the writer's reason for writing
44
What is reading comprehension?
Understanding text on literal and abstract levels
45
What is an informational text?
A text that provides you with information about a topic
46
Exposing students to information about subject matter before reading is known as:
Introducing Background information
47
What is a genre study?
Reading and learning about multiple texts from a particular genre
48
What strategy helps primary students with comprehension?
Reading Aloud
49
What are the three components of the Vocabulary Acquisition Model
Pronunciation, Definition and Use
50
How many essential components are there to vocabulary acquisition?
3
51
What is Vocabulary Acquisition?
learning new words
52
A word's connotation is ____.
the connotation is the secondary meaning or emotional meaning of a word often positive or negative.
53
A word's denotation is _____.
the direct meaning of the word
54
what is form in writing
the writing's structure or organization
55
How is a literary form different from genre?
Literary form is the general structure of a piece of writing, while the genre is the particular style within a form.
56
57
When does the process of analyzing a text begin?
Before you start to read the material, you should preview the material and learn about the author
58
What kind of thinking is required to form a sound point of view?
analysis and synthesis
59
How can the initial stages of analysis help you feel connected to a piece of literature
you can make connections to the author and topic
60
What does it mean to interpret literature
to find the meaning and significance of the story
61
What is the purpose of foreshadowing in literature?
Authors use it to hint towards future events, it also helps build suspense and develop the plot
62
What is indirect foreshadowing?
aka subtle foreshadowing refers to foreshadowing that does not explicitly tell the reader what will happen
63
What is direct foreshadowing?
the author is clearly implying what will happen
64
What are red herrings in literature?
The usage of misleading clues
65
What is Chekhov's Gun (literature)
when everything presented in the story means something
Anton Chekhov, wrote about literature. He said, ''Remove everything that has no relevance to the story. If you say in the first chapter that there is a rifle hanging on the wall, in the second or third chapter it absolutely must go off. If it';s not going to be fired, it shouldn';t be hanging there.''
66
What are the three steps to making an inference?
Identify clues, then think about our own real world experience, then put together clues in a logical way
67
Informational text is written in a way that
makes key information quick and easy to find in non fiction text
68
When writing a paper, how do you go about making the reference material you've used your own?
By synthesizing what we have learned and sharing insights no found in our research
69
What are the three things we should consider regarding informational texts?
if the evidence is relevant, significant, and sufficient
70
When reading an informational text, start by separating the _____ from the evidence.
claims
71
What is the MAIN purpose of an informational text?
to spread knowledge
72
What are technical texts?
a text written with the purpose of helping you to understand a specific subject area
73
What is a functional text?
a functional text is one that descries how to go about accomplishing something
74
When organizing ideas by importance, which should come first, the most important or the least important?
When organizing ideas by importance, which should come first, the most important or the least important?
75
How do you know if something is general or specific
general is for large ideas while specific is for examples
76
What is the order of a narrative structure?
Plot introduced, complications/crisis, turning point, and resolution.
77
What is the structure of a story?
how the story is organized
78
Why is structure so important in writing fiction?
it helps to hold all of the elements of the work together and develop the theme
79
What is an organizational pattern?
the ways in which writers structure information within a piece
80
What is the topical organizational pattern in writing
organizing paragraphs or sections by topic
81
What is the order of importance organizational pattern in writing
writer organizes their work according to the significance of the topics being discussed.
82
What is the prewriting stage in essay planning
the process of gathering information on a subject and planning out what our communication will say and look like
83
Why is it important to determine a formatting style during the writing process?
So you know what type of organizational structure to use for the final document
84
Why is the thesis statement such an important element of any essay
The thesis identifies the writer's position and particular take on the subject of the essay
85
How does a topic sentence differ from a thesis statement?
Topic sentences help preview the content of a paragraph, while a thesis statement determines the purpose of the entire essay.
86
How many paragraphs would you expect to see in a standard argumentative essay
Argumentative essays can be organized in many different ways, but one common format for persuasive writing is the five paragraph essay, which includes an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
87
What is the difference between paraphrase and summary
A summary reviews and condenses the author's main ideas, but a paraphrase will present the same amount of details, just in your own words.
88
How is research writing different than other types of writing?
It investigates and evaluates information to reach a conclusion
89
What is the PAR method in writing?
Prepare, assist, reflect
90
What is a KWL chart?
Knowledge (what students know), Wonder, Learn (where studetns write the key ideas they learned in relation to what they already knew or wondered )
91
What is Heterogenous grouping in classrooms?
when students of all different abilities are placed in a class together
92
What is guided reading>
when the teacher leads a small group through an instructional level text while working on decoding and comprehension strategies
93
What is dynamic grouping?
groups are not permanent, rather they can and will change often as the levels of the students change
94
Reading groups should always be _______.
dynamicW
95
What is cooperative learning
when students learn through social interactions with eachother, often in groups or partners
96
What are the four channels of communication that can be used in the workplace to deliver information?
Oral, Written, Visual and Electronic
97
What is one disadvantage to using a visual communication channel?
Can be costly and time consuming to produce
98
What is procatalepsis
repeating the same initial consonant sound
i.e. she sells sea shells down by the sea shore
99
What is the art of using language to further bring an audience into a story?
Rhetoric
100
If I were to ask you a question to lead you down a specific line of reasoning, which of these would I be using?
Rhetorical Question
101
What is procatalepsis
the anticipation and response to a counterargument or thought
102
Changes in the lowness or highness of a person's voice is known as _____.
pitch
103
Chains of similar or related words in a passage can help you
determine the main topic of the passage
104
What is active listening?
the process by which someone takes in information from another person
105
What is gaslighting?
is to intentionally make someone feel stupid, irrational, and misunderstood; it is the opposite of active listening because it starts with someone who is declining to listen
106
Paraphrasing, summarizing and questioning are all examples of ___________.
active listening techniques
107
Paraphrasing is to
restate what has been said with the goal of conveying that one has heard and understood
108
Active listening comes from the person-centered therapy of _____.
Carl Rogers
109
What is tone
the attitude of the speaker
110
The transmission of a message from one person to another is called __________.
Communication
111
What is interpersonal communication
involves communication between a small number of people, about 2 or 3 typically
112
What is mass communication
communication from one person to a large number or people. this can be in person or on social media
113
What type of assessments are presentations
both formative and summative assessments
114
what is a formative assessment
an assessment during the instruction process that include observations, discussions, or other methods of collecting information about what a student knows
115
What is a summative assessment
given at the end of teaching to assess a student's understanding of a concept
116
