Elbow and Joints of the Forearm

Question 0

Which muscles flex the elbow joint and their innervation?

Answer 0

Biceps brachii and brachialis - musculocutaneous

Brachioradialis - radial nerve

Question 1

What type of joint is the elbow?

Answer 1

Hinge type synovial joint

Question 2

Which muscles extend the elbow joint?

Answer 2

Triceps brachii - radial nerve

Question 3

Name the ligaments of the elbow

Answer 3

Ulnar collateral ligament

Radial collateral ligament

Question 4

Attachments of the ulnar collateral ligament?

Answer 4

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Coranoid process and olecranon of ulna

Question 5

Name the three bands of the ulnar collateral ligament

Give some info

Answer 5

Anterior cord-like band - strongest
Posterior fan-like band - weakest
Oblique band - deepens socket for trochlea of the humerus

Question 6

What are the two important bursa of the elbow?

Answer 6

Subcutaneous olecranon

Subtendinous olecranon

Question 7

What is it called when the subcutaneous olecranon bursa become inflamed?

Answer 7

Students bursitis

Question 8

Where are the subcutaneous olecranon bursa found?

Answer 8

In the subcutaneous connective tissue of the olecranon

Question 9

Where is the subtendinous olecranon bursa found?

Answer 9

Between the olecranon and the triceps tendon

Question 10

Where does the radial nerve pass in the elbow?

Answer 10

Anterior to the lateral epicondyle

Question 11

Where does the ulnar nerve pass in the elbow?

Answer 11

Posterior to the medial epicondyle

Question 12

How many radioulnar joints are there? Name them

Answer 12

Proximal radioulnar
Interosseous membrane
Distal radioulnar

Question 13

When does the radius cross over the ulnar?

Answer 13

During pronation

Question 14

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 14

A pivot joint

Question 15

What articulates at the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 15

Head of radius with the radial notch of the ulna

Question 16

What holds the radial head in position at the radial notch of the ulna?

Answer 16

The anular ligament

Question 17

What is a pulled elbow?

Answer 17

Head of radius subluxates from the anular ligament

Common in children

Question 18

Define dislocation

Answer 18

Compete loss of contact of joint surfaces

Question 19

Define subluxation

Answer 19

Partial dislocation - bone ends are misaligned but still in contact

Question 20

What type of joint is the interosseous membrane?

Answer 20

Fibrous

Question 21

In what direction do the fibres of the interosseous membrane run? What does this allow?

Answer 21

Inferio-medially

Distribution of force from radius to ulna

Question 22

What type of joint is the distal radioulnar?

Answer 22

Pivot

Question 23

What articulates at the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 23

Head of ulnar with ulnar notch on medial border of radius

Question 24

Which muscles move the radioulnar joints?

Answer 24

Supinator Biceps brachii Pronator quadratus Pronator teres

Question 25

What can cause subcutaneous bursitis?

Answer 25

Repeated friction and pressure

Question 26

What can cause subtendinous bursitis?

Answer 26

Repeated flexion and extension of the forearm

Question 27

What structure is involves in epicondylitis?

Answer 27

The common tendon of the flexor or extensor muscles

Question 28

Which epicondyle is tennis elbow and why?

Answer 28

Lateral - this is the extensor origin

Question 29

Which epicondyle is golfer's elbow?

Answer 29

Medial epicondyle - common flexor origin

Question 30

What is a Colle's fracture?

Answer 30

Posterior displacement of distal fragment of radius

Question 31

What articulates at the wrist?

Answer 31

Distal end of radius and articular disc of radioulnar joint With The proximal row of carpal bones except for the pisiform

Question 32

What ligaments are found in the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 32

Ulnar collateral Radial collateral Palmar radiocarpal Dorsal radiocarpal

Question 33

Location of ulnar collateral and function?

Answer 33

Ulnar styloid process to triquetrum and pisiform | Prevents excessive lateral joint displacement

Question 34

Location and function of radial collateral?

Answer 34

Radial styloid process to the two rows of carpals | Ensures the hand follows the radius during supination

Question 35

Function of dorsal radiocarpal?

Answer 35

Ensures hand follows radius during pronation

Question 36

Movements of the wrist?

Answer 36

Flexion and extension | Abduction and adduction

Question 37

Which muscles carry out flexion at the wrist?

Answer 37

Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 38

Which muscles carry out extension of the wrist?

Answer 38

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis | Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 39

Which muscles card hour abduction of the wrist?

Answer 39

Flexor carpi radialis Extensors carpi radialis longus and brevis Abductor pollicis longus

Question 40

Why is abduction of the wrist limited to 15 degrees?

Answer 40

The radial styloid process

Question 41

What muscles carry out adduction?

Answer 41

Extensor carpi ulnaris | Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 42

What happens in a Smith's fracture?

Answer 42

Fall onto the back of the hand | Distal fragment of radius is placed anteriorly