The Knee Joint

Question 0

What are the articulating bones at the knee joint?

Answer 0

2x femorotibial articulations - between lateral and medial femoral condyles and tibia
1x intermediate femoropatellar articulation - between the patella and anterior and distal femur

Question 1

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 1

Synovial hinge joint

Question 2

What is the most important muscle in stabilising the knee?

Answer 2

The quadriceps femoris

Question 3

Which bones are involves in the knee joint?

Answer 3

Tibia, femur and patella

Question 4

What is found between the femur condyles?

Answer 4

Anteriorly - shallow depression for patella articulation

Posteriorly - intercondylar fossa which is a deep notch

Question 5

Where do the collateral ligaments attach?

Answer 5

Femoral epicondyles

Question 6

Where is the adductor tubule of the femur found?

Answer 6

On the medial condyle

Question 7

What is the point of menisci?

Answer 7

Deepen the articular surface of the tibia, increasing stability of the joint
Also act as shock absorbers

Question 8

What attaches the menisci to the joint capsule?

Answer 8

The coronary ligaments

Question 9

Course of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments?

Answer 9

PAMs APpLes
Posterior passes anteriorly and inserts medially
Anterior passes posteriorly and inserts laterally

Question 10

Which is the weakest cruciate ligament?

Answer 10

Anterior CL

Question 11

What do the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments limit?

Answer 11

Anterior - posterior movement of femur on tibia and hyperextension
Posterior - anterior movement of femur on tibia and hyperflexion

Question 12

Name the extracapsular ligaments

Answer 12

Patellar ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament

Question 13

Movements of the knee joint?

Answer 13

Extension, flexion

Small degree of medial and lateral rotation

Question 14

What does the knee joint rely on to stabilise it?

Answer 14

Ligaments and muscles

Question 15

What is the weight bearing joint of the knee?

Answer 15

The tibiofemoral

Question 16

What do the menisci attach to?

Answer 16

Intercondylar area of the tibia

Question 17

What extra attachment does the medial meniscus have?

Answer 17

Tibial collateral ligament and the joint capsule

Question 18

Name the bursae of the knee joint?

Answer 18

Suprapatella bursa
Prepatella bursa
Infrapatella bursa
Semimembranosus bursa

Question 19

Where is the suprapatella bursa located?

Answer 19

Between the quadriceps femoris and the femur

Question 20

Where is the prepatella bursa found?

Answer 20

Between the apex of the patella and the skin

Question 21

Location of the infrapatella bursa?

Answer 21

Split into deep and superficial.
Deep - between tibia and patella ligament
Superficial - between patella ligament and skin

Question 22

Location of semimembranosus bursa?

Answer 22

Posteriorly in the knee joint. Between the semimembranosus muscle and the medial head of the gastrocnemius.

Question 23

Where does the patellar ligament attach to?

Answer 23

The tibial tuberosity

Question 24

Function of the collateral ligaments?

Answer 24

Prevent medial or lateral movement

Question 25

Where do the tibial and fibular collateral ligaments attach?

Answer 25

Tibial - Medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial surface of the tibia Fibular - lateral epicondyle of the femur to depression in the lateral surface of the fibular head

Question 26

Which muscles cause extension of the knee joint?

Answer 26

Quadriceps femoris

Question 27

Which muscles produce flexion of the knee joint?

Answer 27

Hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus

Question 28

Which muscles produce lateral rotation of the knee joint?

Answer 28

Biceps femoris

Question 29

Which muscles produce medial rotation of the knee joint?

Answer 29

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus

Question 30

How are the collateral ligaments injured?

Answer 30

Force applied to side of the knee when the foot is placed on the ground

Question 31

How can damage to collateral ligaments be assessed?

Answer 31

Pain on medial rotation of the leg - damage to medial ligament Lateral rotation - damage to lateral ligament

Question 32

What can be torn in hyperextension of the knee joint?

Answer 32

Anterior cruciate ligament

Question 33

How can you test for damage to the ACL?

Answer 33

Anterior draw test

Question 34

What is the unhappy triad?

Answer 34

Indicates damage to the ACL -Unstable femur shifts medially, tearing lateral meniscus and tibial collateral ligament Medial meniscus can also be torn due to its attachment to the tibial collateral ligament

Question 35

How do you test for posterior cruciate ligament damage?

Answer 35

Posterior draw test.

Question 36

In which direction does the patella normally dislocate?

Answer 36

Laterally