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Elbow, forearm and wrist Flashcards

Week 8 (63 cards)

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1
Q

Structural and functional joint type of the Elbow joint

A

Structural type: Synocial hinge joint

Functional type: diarthrosis (uniaxial)

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2
Q

Name the elbow joints and their articulation.

A

Humeroulnar
Trochlea with ulna

Humeroradial
Capitulum with radius

Proximal radio-ulnar

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3
Q

Name the ligaments of the elbow joint

A

Articular capsule
collateral (radial and ulna) ligaments
annular ligament

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4
Q

What is the attachment of the articular capsule?

A

Capitulum and trochlea –> coronoid process (ant) and olecranon process (pos)

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5
Q

What is the attachment of the ulna collateral and radial collateral ligament?

A

Ulnar CL:

Medial epicondyle –> coronoid process of olecranon

Radial CL:

Lateral epicondyle –> annular ligament

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6
Q

what is the function of the annular ligament?

A

Covers radial head (binds radial head into radial notch of ulna = supination and pronation)

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7
Q

Where doe the ulnar and radial bones articulate eachother?

A

proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

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8
Q

What movements does the radio-ulnar joint allow for? What hold these joints together to allow for this movement?

A

pronation and supernation

Held together by annular ligament at proximal end, articular disc at distal end and the interossues membrane.

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8
Q

What type of joint is the radio-ulnar joint?

A

synovial pivot
diarthrosis (uniaxial)

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9
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm.

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi radialis

Pronator teres

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10
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris: O/I, innervation and movement

A

Medical epicondyle and olecranon –> pisiform and palmar surface of metacarpal V

Ulnar nerve

Wrist flexion
And adduction

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11
Q

Palmaris longus: O/I, innervation and movement

A

Medial epicondyle –> palmar aponeurosis

Median nerve

Wrist flexion

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12
Q

Flexor carpi radials : O/I, innervation and movement

A

Medial epicondyle –> palmar surface of metacarpal II-III

Median nerve

Wrist flexion and abduction

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13
Q

Pronator teres: O/I, innervation and movement

A

Medial epicondyle and coronoid process –> lateral surface of radius

Median nerve

Pronation

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14
Q

What is the name, O/I, innervation and movement of the intermediate muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Medial epicondyle and coronoid process –> through carpal tunnel –> middle phalanges (II-V)

Median nerve

Wrist flexion
Finger flexion

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15
Q

Name the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm.

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus

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16
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus: O/I, innervation and movement

A

Anterior and medial surface of ulna and interosseous membrane –> carpal tunnel –> distal phalanges (II-V)

Medial half = ulnar nerve
Lateral half= Median nerve

Wrist flexion
Finger flexion

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16
Q

Flexor pollicis longus: O/I, innervation and movement

A

Anterior surface of radius and radial half of interosseous membrane –> through carpal tunnel –> distal phalanx of thumb

Median nerve

Thumb flexion

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17
Q

pronator quadratus: O/I, innervation and movement

A

Linear ridge of distal anterior surface of ulna –> distal anterior surface of radius.

Median nerve

Pronation

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18
Q

Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm that are innervated by the median nerve.

A

Palmaris longus
flexor carpi radials
pronator teres

flexor digitorum superficialis

lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicsis longus
pronator quadratus

(all expect medial half of FDP and flexor carpi)

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19
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm.

A

brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor capri ulnaris

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20
Q

What are all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm innervated by?

A

Radial nerve

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21
Q

O/I and movement of brachioradialis.

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge –> lateral surface of distal radius

Elbow flexion

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22
Q

O/I and movement of Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge –> dorsal surface of base of metacarpal II

Wrist:
Extension
Abduction

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22
O/I and movement of Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Lateral epicondyle --> dorsal surface of metacarpals II-III Wrist: Extension Abduction
23
O/I and movement of Extensor digitorum
Lateral epicondyle --> dorsal surface of middle and distal phalanges II-V Finger and wrist extension
24
O/I and movement of Extensor capri ulnaris .
Lateral epicondyle and posterior boundary of ulna --> tubercule base of metacarpal V Wrist ext and adduction
25
O/I and movement of Extensor digiti minimi
Lateral epicondyle --> extensor hood of little finger Little finger extension
26
Which muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm originate at the lateral epicondyle?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor capri ulnaris supinator
27
O/I and movement of supinator
Lateral epicondyle and supinator crest of ulnar --> lateral surface of radius superior to anterior oblique line Supination
28
O/I and movement of abductor pollicis longus
Posterior surface of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane --> lateral side of metacarpal I Thumb abduction Accessory extensory of thumb
29
O/I and movement of extensor pollicis longus
Posterior surface of ulna and and IM --> dorsal surface of distal phalanx of thumb Thumb extension
30
O/I and movement of extensor pollicis brevis
Posterior surface of radius and adj IM --> dorsal surface of proximal phalanx of thumb Radial nerve Thumb extension
31
O/I and movement of extensor indicis
Posterior surface of radius and adj IM --> extensory hood of index finger Index finger extension
32
What muscles allow for flexion at elbow joint?
Brachialis Biceps brachii Brachioradialis
33
What muscles allow for extension at the elbow joint?
Triceps brachii
34
what muscles allow for supination at the elbow joint?
Biceps brachii Supinator
35
What type of joint is the radio carpal joint?
Synovial condyloid Diarthrosis (biaxial)
35
What muscles allow for pronation at the elbow joint?
Pronator teres Pronator quadratus
36
Articulation of the radio carpal joint
Radius of scaphoid and lunate Articular disc of ulna with lunate and triquetrum
37
What movements does the radiocarpal joint allow for?
flexion, extension, abduction and adduction and circumduction.
38
Sup, Med, Lat, floor and roof borders of cubital fossa
Sup= lateral amd medial epicondyles med= lateral margin of pronator teres lat= medial margin of brachioradialis floor= brachilais and supinator roof = bicipital aponeurosi
39
What does the cubital fossa contain?
Median nerve, brachial artery, radial nerve and tendon of biceps brachii.
40
What does the roof of the carpal tunnel attach to and what are its contents?
Attach flexor retinaculum --> trapezium and scaphoid contents 4 tendons of digitorum superfiialis 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus 1 tendon of flexor pollicis longus median nerve
41
What are the three nerves of the forearm?
radial, median and ulnar
42
Root, motor and sensory innervation of radial
C5-8 T1 All posterior compartment Lateral dorsum of arm and forearm Palmar surface Later 3 and ½ digits (dorsal surface)
43
Root, motor and sensory innervation of median
all ant expect for flexor capri ulnaris, and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus Palmar surface and lateral 3 and 1/3 digits Tips of lateral and ½ digits
44
Root, motor and sensory innervation of ulnar
C7-8 and T1 Flexor digitorun profubndus Flexor capri ulnaris Hypothenar group Lumbricals Palmar 1st and ½ digists
45
major arteries of forearm
Subclavian --> axillary --> brachial --> ulnar and radial
46
Dermatomes of UL
C4- tip of shoulder C5- regimental badge C6- thumn C7- tip o findex fingre C8- tip of little finger T1- anterior/medial elbow
46
Major veins of forearm
cephallic and basilic --> axilliay --> subclavian
47
Myotomes of the UL
C4- scapular elevation C5- shoulder abduction C6- elbow flexion C7- elbow extension C8- flexion of digits T1- abduction and adduction of digits
48
What type of joint and what movement is allowed by the humeroulnar joint?
Hinge flexion, ext, cirum
49
What type of joint and what movement is allowed by the humeroradial joint?
limited ball and socket, hinge type flex, ext, sup, pro
50
What bones make up the proximal radioulnar joint, what type of joint is it and what movements does it allow?
Radial head and radial notch of lateral aspect of proximal ulna pivot pronation and supranation
51
What bones make up the distal radioulnar joint, what type of joint is it and what movements does it allow?
Pronation supination Distal head of ulna and concave ulnar notch of radius Pivot
52
What bones make up the radiocarpal joint, what type of joint is it and what movements does it allow?
Flex, ext, add and abd Distal radius, scaphoid and lunate condyloid
53
What is the function of the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments respectively?
U- stablsises by slowing elbow ext during throwing deceleartion phase R- stability against inner and outer stress of elbow
54
What are the two main branches of the anterior median nerve and where do they go/innervate?
1- anterior interosseous -deeper muscles in anterior compartment of forearm 2- recurrent branch -branches distally near wrist and innervates thenar muscles in the hand
55
pathway of radial nerve
triceps --> brachioradialis --> branches into superficial and deep --> anatomical snuffbox
56
Motor and sensory innervation of radial nerve
Motor: all posterior compartment of arm, NONE in hand Sensory: lateral dorsum of arm and forearm, lateral 3 and ½ digits without tips (dorsal)
57
Pathway, sensory and motor innervation of ulnar nerve
Pathway: medial to axillary --> medial to brachial artery Motor: ½ FDP, FCU, Adductor pollicis, Hypothenar, lumbricals 3&4 and all interossei Sensory: Palmar: 1 ½ digits, medial palm and hypothenar eminence, Dorsal = medial dorsum and median 15/6 digits
58
Motor and sensory innervations of median nerve
Motor: All flexors (except ½ FDP and FCU), thenar muscles and 1st and 2nd lumbricals Sensory palmar = lateral palm + lateral 3 ½ digits, Dorsal = tips of latyeral 3 ½ digits

MSS (18 decks)

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