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MSS revision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names and numbers for the 5 cranial nerves we need to know?

A

CN V Trigeminal
CN VII Facial
CN X Vagus (see in neck)
CN XI Accessory
CN XII Hypoglossal

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2
Q

What are the contents of the Tarsal Tunnel?

A

Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial vein
tibial nerve
Flexor Hallus longus

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3
Q

What does the muscles: SGT insert onto and what muscles make up SGT?

A

pes anserius

Satoris
Gracilis
Semitendonous

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4
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery branch into?

A

lateral and medial plantar

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5
Q

what does the lateral plantar artery branch into?

A

deep plantar arch = metatarsal and digital arteries

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6
Q

what does the anterior tibial artery branch into?

A

Dorsal pedis –> Deep plantar artery and arcuute artery –> dorsal metatarsal and digital arteries

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7
Q

What are the major arteries of the UL?

A

Subclavian –> axillary –> brachial –> ulnar and radial

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8
Q

what are the major veins of the UL?

A

cephalic and basilic –> axillary –> brachial -> subclavian

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9
Q

What should you always write when referring to a dermatome?

A

(dermatome) spinal ROOT

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10
Q

what is the Anterior Drawer test (how and what testing)

A

Test where the dr PULLS the tibia FORWARDS in relation to femur

tests the ACL stability

if positive (tibia moves excessively forwards) = INDICATES a torn ACL>

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11
Q

what is a positive trendelenurg sign?

A

When standing on one leg, the pelvis dips down on the unsupported side (due to superior gluteal nerve lesion)

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12
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome? (cause and functional issues)

A

Compression of the median nerve due to overuse, swelling of tendons (and nowhere to release pressure) or pregnancy

Functional issues
-thenar muscle weakness, loss of cutaneous innervation to palm and sensory feedback to how tight to hold items.

-innervates 1st and 2nd lumbicals but movement still possible due to FDP, FDS and ED movement.

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13
Q

How do you find the spot for a lumbar puncture?

A

ask the patient to lie with back flexed

Find the top of the iliac and draw a line joining the crest and the tip of L4 spinous process

= L4?L5 IV disc

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14
Q

What is the lesion caused by damage to the median nerve?

A

Carpal tunnel

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15
Q

what is a common lesion that results from a mid-shaft humerus fracture?

A

Radial Palsy

damage to the radial nerve

muscles innervated by the radial nerve below the lesion will be damaged:
- all EXTENSORS of wrist, thumb and fingers
-brachioradialis, supinator, abductor pollis longus

= wrist drop

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16
Q

If the radial nerve is damaged in the region of the WRIST, what would be the difference in functional loss compared to proximal lesion?

where might the radial nerve be damaged here?

A

NO Wrist drop

ONLY= sensory loss to hand (lat dorsal side and lateral aspect of base of thumb)

where:
region of the snuffbox

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17
Q

what is the cause of Claw Hand?

what muscles are likely to be affected?

A

ulnar nerve lesion

muscles
-1st dorsal interosseous= wasted
-dorsal interossei, medial 2 lumbricals, hypothenar muscles and adductor pollicis.

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18
Q

if an ulnar lesion occurs more proximally (above elbow joint) what would be different?

(vs at wrist)

A

SAME functioal loss of hand but LESS CLAWING of 4th and 5th IP joints.

this is because medial 1/2 of FDP is affected so IP cant flex.

radial deviation during wrist flexion due to loss of FCU

loss of power in wrist abduction as FCU and ECU usually work together

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19
Q

outline the steps in Endochondral ossification (untill birth)

A

1: Hyaline cartilage template formed

2: cartilage template continues to grow (bone collar from around diaphysis and chondrocyte die)

3: pri ossifcation centre appears (blood vessels enter cavity, bone replaces cartlidge)

4: formation of medullary cavity: diaphyseal wall becomes compact

5: secondary ossification centre appears: cancellous becomes more compact, marrow cavity created.

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20
Q

what are the ligaments of the clavicle and scapula?

A

coracoclavicular L and acromioclavicular L = Acrominoclavocualr Joint

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21
Q

what are the ligaments of the GH joint?

A

Coracoacromial ligament = overlies head of humerus to prevent superior displacement

GH ligament = reinforces anterior part of joint capsule

coracohumeral ligament

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22
Q

what are the major stabilisers of the GH joint?

A

Rotator cuff muscles and Long head of the biceps brachii

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23
Q

what muscles allow for

a) flexion
b) extension
c) supination
d) pronation

of the elbow joint?

A

a) brachialis, biceps brachii and bracioradials

b) triceps brachii

c) biceps brachii and supinator

d) pronator teres and quadratus

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24
Q

what muscles allow for

a) flexion
b) extension
c) abduction
d) adduction

of the GH joint?

A

a) pec major, deltoid (ANT fibres)

b) lat dorsi, deltoid (POS fibres) , teres major and long head of biceps brachii

c) supraspinatus (first 15) and then deltoid (central)

d) pec major, lat dorsi

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25
what muscles allow for a) flexion b) extension c) abduction d) adduction of the radiocarpal joint?
a) FCR, palmaris longus, FCU, FDS and FDP b) ECRL, ECRB, ED and ECU c) AbPL, FCR, ECRL and ECRB d) FCU and ECU
26
what muscles allow for a) flexion b) extension c) abduction d) adduction e) med rot f) lat rot of the Hip joint?
a) iliopsoas, rectus fem, satroius and pectineus b) gluteus max and hamstrings c) gluteus (max, med and min) and deep gluteus (piri, S and I gemellis and obturator Internus d) adductors (long, brevis and magnus), pectinues and gracilis e) gluteus med and min, adductors, and hamstrings f) gluteus max, long head of biceps femoris and deep gluteal muscles
27
what muscles allow for a) flexion b) extension c) lat rot d) med rot of the knee joint?
a) hamstrings b) quadriceps d) biceps femoris e) semitendonous and membranous
28
What muscles allow for a) medial rotation b) lat rotation at GH joint?
a) subscapularis, pec major and teres major b) infraspinatus and teres minor
29
what are the ligaments of the elbow joint?
Articular capsule collateral ligaments (UCL and RCL) annular ligament = binds radial head to radial notch of ulnar = sup/pro
30
what are the major stablisers of the elbow joint?
Ligaments (all) muscles (biceps brachii, triceps and brachialis)
31
which movement at the radiocarpal joint is more limited? why?
range of abduction (over adduction) because radial styloid process extends further distally than ulna styloid process
32
what are the major ligaments of the spine?
posterior longitudinal = avoids hyperflexion anterior longitudinal = avoids hyperextension ligamentum flavum = maintains curvatures suprasinious interspinious
33
what is the orientation of facet joints and most faciliated movements at the ZYGAPOPHYSEAL joints of the a) cervical b) thoracic c) lumbar
a) transverse plane, flex, ext and rotation (C1 and C2) b) coronal plane, rotation (limited flex and ext) c) sagittal plane, limited range of motion, flex and ext still possible
34
what are the ligaments of the hip joint?
iliofemoral= holds femoral head in acetabulum whilst standing, limits ext, abd, add and lat rot pubofemoral= limits ext, abd and lat rot ischiofem = limits ext, add and med rot ligament of head of femur= structural support for vessels that provide nutrients
35
what two joints make up the knee joint and what movements can they do?
Tibiofemoral -flex, ext and some rot patellofemoral - gliding
36
what ligaments stablise the knee?
extracapsular -patellar - MCL and LCL = limit rot and lateral movements and taunt in ext intracapsular - ACL = taunt in ext and prevemt post displacement of femur -PCL = taunt in flexion and prevent anterior displacment
37
what ligaments stabilise the talocrural joint?
lateral ligaments - calcaneofibular -ant and post talofibular medial/deltoid ligament
38
what muscles allow for a) dorsiflexion b) plantarflexion at the talocrural joint?
a) tibs ant, ext digitorum longs and ext hallucis longus b) gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis post, fibularis longis
39
what joints make up the transverse tarsal joint and what muscles allow for: a) inversion b) eversion at this joint?
= talocalcaenavicualr joint and calcaneocuboid a) tibialis ant and post b) fibularis longus and brevis
40
what muscles allow for: a) power grip b) flexion c) ext of the IP joint?
a) extrinsic flexor muscles b) FDS, FDP, lumbricals and interossei c) Ext incidis, Ext digiti minimi and ED
41
What are the three types of joints in the body?
Fibrous cartliaginious Synovial
42
What are the three types of fibrous joints?
sutures (thin layer of CT) syndesmoses (band of dense, irregular CT interosseous membrane (thick band of dense, irregular CT)
43
what are the two types of cartliaginous joints?
Synchondroses - hyaline Symphyses - fibrocartlidge
44
What is gastrulation?
transformation of the bilaminar embryonic disc into a --> trilaminar embryonic disc
45
-What is neurulation and when does it occur?
what transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube When notochord stimulates the ectoderm to invaginate
46
outline the steps in excitation- contraction for skeletal muscle
AP --> Ca influx across L-gated Channels ACh released across NMJ ACh bind to AChrR and releases Na depolarosation down T-tubules = activation of DHP-Rs DHP-Rs activate RYR = release of Ca from SR Ca binds to Troponin C releases tropomysion and exposes actin active sites
47
what is the function of the erector spinale?
bilateral contraction = back ext back lateral flexion = unilateral contraction maintenance of posture
48
what is the function of the medial compartment of the thigh?
lat rotation - obturator ext hip flexion - pectineus hip add -pectineus -add brev, long and mag -gracilis med rotation - add brev, long and mag knee flexion -gracilis
49
what is the action and innervation of the infrahyoids?
depresses the hyoid bone anterior rami C1-C3 through anse cervicalis
50
what is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve?
gluteus maximus
51
what is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?
tensor faciate glutesi med and mini
52
what is the motor and sensory supply of the medial plantar nerve?
medial sole
53
what is the motor and sensory supply of the lateral plantar nerve?
lat sole of foot little toe and half 4th toe
54
what does the obturator nerve supply?
medial compartment of the thigh
55
what does the lumbosacral trunk supply?
sciatic nerve superior gluteal inf gluteal pudenal nerve to quadratus feoris nerve to obturator internus
56
what are the muscles of the intermediate and deep region of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Super, Pissed, Polly longs, (to) Quit FDS FDP FPL PQ
57
what are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the forearm?
Brachioradialis ECRL ECRB ED EDM ECU
58
what are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?
supinator abd pollis longus ext pollis long ext pollis brevis ext incidis
59
what are the muscle tendons that make up the snuffbox?
abd pollis longus ext pollis bervis ext pollis longus
60
what are the muscles that make up the thenar group?
The Best (thenar Brevis) Abductor Pollis Brevis flexor pollis brevis Opponens pollis
61
what are the muscle groups that make up the hypothenar group?
Abd DM Flexor DM Opponens DM
62
What are the muscle groups that make up the hand?
Thenar Hypothenar Lumbricals Interessoi Abductor Pollis (The Hand lacks interesting Abstract problems)
63
what are the pulses of the head?
Temporal, carotid and facial
64
anatomically describe how you would find the temporal pulse?
superficial -anteriorly to the ear and immediately posterior too the position of temporomandibular joint ant branch - posterior to zygomatic process if frontal bone as is passes lateral to the temporal fascia
65
Describe, anatomically, how to find the fascial artery
palpate where crosses inferior border of mandible, adj to anterior margin of masseter muscle
66
describe, anatomcally how you would find the common and external carotid pulse
common posteriolateral to larynx external immediately lateral to the pharynx. midway between the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage and the greater hyoid bone.
67
what pulses are palpable in the upper limb?
- radial pulse (wrist ditsal forearm and anatomical snuffbox) - ulnar pulse (wrist) - brachial pulse (cubital fossa and midarm) - axillary pulse
68
Expalin in anatomical terms how you would find the axillary pulse
Found in the axilla, lateral to the apex of skin covering floor of axilla
69
Explain in anatomical terms how you would find the brachial pulses.
midarm -on anterior arm -in the cleft of biceps brachii and triceps brachii tendon cubital fossa -on anterior arm -medial and superior to the biecps brachii tendon
70
explain in anatomical terms how you would find the ulnar pulse
immediately inferior to the lateral margin of the FCU tendon and proximal to the pisiform -on the anterior arm
71
explain in anatomical terms how you would find the radial pulses
anatomical snuffbox -on the lateral, posterior compartment -lateral to the EPL, but medial to Abd Pl and EPB tendon distal forearm: - ant comparment radial artery immediately lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle.
72
what pulses are palpable in the LL?
Foot Posteior tibial artery Dorsalis pedis LL femoral pulse popliteal pulse
73
Explain in anatomical terms how you would find the posterior tibial artery pulse
halfway between the calcenous and medial malleolus
74
explain in anatomical terms how you would find the dorsalis pedis pulse?
dorsal side of foot, just lateral to the EHL tendon
75
explain in anatomical terms how you would find the femoral pulse.
inferior to the inguinal ligament and midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic
76
explain in anatomical terms how you find the popliteal pulse.
deep in the popliteal fossa near the midline;
77
name the borders of the Anterior and posterior triangle of the neck.
Anterior lat= ant margin of SCM sup= inf margin of mandible med= midline of neck pos ant= post margin of SCM pos= ant margin of trapezius inferiorly= middle 1/3 clavicle
78
outline the borders of the axilla
Ant wall: pec major, pec minor and subclavis medial wall: serratus ant and thoracic wall lat wall: pec major, lat dorsi and teres major (lady between 2 majors) post= subscapularis, lat dorsi, teres major and long head of triceps brachii floor= skin and fasci from arm
79
Borders of the cubital fossa
sup= linebetween medial and lat epicondyles med= lat margin of pronator teres lat= med margin of brachioradialis floor= brachialis and supinator roof= biciotial aponeursosis
80
borders of the carpal tunnel
roof= flexor retinaculum floor= carpal bones lat= med surface of trapezium med= lateral surface of hamate
81
borders of the femoral triangle
sup = ingunial ligament med= adductor longus lat= satorius floor = iliopsoas (lat) and pectineus (medially)
82
boundaries of the popliteal fossa
superomedial = Semimembranous and tendonous superolateral = biecs femoris inferomedial= medial head of gastrocnemius inferolateral = lateral head of gastrocnemius

MSS (18 decks)

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